Effects of ultrasonic nebulization of Qufeng Zhiyang Formula on the expressions of inflammatory factors IL-3,IL-5,GM-CSF,TSLP,and related proteins in rabbit models of allergic conjunctivitis
Objective To observe the effects of ultrasonic nebulization of Qufeng Zhiyang Formula(QFZYF)on the expressions of key cytokines in the Janus kinase 2/signal transducer and activator of transcription 5(JAK2/STAT5)signal transduction pathway,including interleukin-3(IL-3),interleukin-5(IL-5),granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor(GM-CSF),and thymic stromal lymphopoietin(TSLP),in the conjunctival tissue of rabbit models of allergic conjunctivitis(AC).Methods Thirty-six healthy adult New Zealand white rabbits were selected and divided into control group,model group,olopatadine group,and QFZYF group according to the random number table method,with nine rabbits in each group.The control group received no treatment.The other groups were sensitized on days 0 and 7 by intravenous injection of a mixture containing ovalbumin(OVA)and aluminum hydroxide adjuvant;subsequently,a mixture of OVA and phosphate-buffered saline was instilled into the eyes once daily for 14 consecutive days to enhance sensitization and establish the AC model.After successful modeling,the olopatadine group was treated with olopatadine hydrochloride ophthalmic solution in both eyes,while the QFZYF group received ultrasonic nebulization therapy with QFZYF,for 14 consecutive days.During the modeling period,the anterior segment of the rabbit eye was observed under a slit lamp,and clinical scores for ocular symptoms were assessed using the Magone scoring system.Twenty-four hours after the last administration,blood was collected by enucleation,and conjunctival tissue from the rabbit eyelid was obtained.The levels of serum IL-3,IL-5,GM-CSF,and conjunctival TSLP were measured by ELISA,and the protein expression levels of JAK2 and STAT5 in conjunctival tissue were determined by Western blot.Results The Magone scores in the model group were significantly higher than those in the control group(P＜0.05),indicating the successful establishment of the AC model.Compared with the control group,the rabbits in the model group exhibited obvious conjunctival hyperemia,secretions,and tearing in their eyes.In contrast,the rabbits in the olopatadine and QFZYF groups showed only mild conjunctival hyperemia and a small amount of secretions,with reduced tearing symptoms compared to the model group.Compared with the control group,the levels of serum IL-3,IL-5,GM-CSF.and conjunctival TSLP were elevated in the model group(P＜0.05),and the protein expression levels of JAK2 and STAT5 in conjunctival tissue also increased(P＜0.05).Compared with the model group,the levels of serum IL-3,IL-5,GM-CSF,and conjunctival TSLP decreased in both the olopatadine and QFZYF groups(P＜0.05),and the protein expression levels of JAK2 and STAT5 in conjunctival tissue were also reduced(P＜0.05).However,there were no statistically significant differences in the levels of serum IL-3,IL-5,GM-CSF,and conjunctival TSLP between the olopatadine group and the QFZYF group(P＞0.05),although the protein expression levels of JAK2 and STAT5 in conjunctival tissue were higher in the QFZYF group(P＜0.05).Conclusion Ultrasonic nebulization of QFZYF has significant therapeutic effects on OVA-induced AC-like symptoms.Its mechanism of action may be related to inhibiting key cytokines in the JAK2/STAT5 signal transduction pathway,thereby reducing the inflammatory response.
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