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数字人文视域下莫莱蒂的"距离阅读"重识

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意大利籍马克思主义批评家弗兰克·莫莱蒂在 2000 年发表的《世界文学猜想》中首次提出"距离阅读"方法论.首先,距离阅读的缘起与法国年鉴学派的"长时段"历史观、"系列历史"研究范式和定量研究密切相关.其次,新批评的文本细读与距离阅读在研究对象(经典与非经典)、形式观(审美与力量)和批评方法(阐释与解释)三个维度产生分野.最后,莫莱蒂的距离阅读经历从定量批评到计算批评的升级,从传统人文到数字人文的过渡.数字人文的优势在于海量档案、精密算法及跨学科合作.然而,数字人文视域下的"距离阅读"也有其自身的局限性,体现在主观体验与情感因素的缺失,数据与图表的"陷阱"和潜在的"帝国主义"合作政治.
A New Understanding of Moretti's"Distant Reading"from the Perspective of Digital Humanities
Franco Moretti,an Italian Marxist critic,first proposed"distant reading"in his"Conjectures on World Litera-ture"published in 2000.First of all,distant reading is inspired by the French Annales School's concepts of"longue durée","series history"and quantitative research.Secondly,New Criticism's close reading and Moretti's distant reading are different in three dimensions:the object of study(classical and non-classical),formal views(aesthetic and force)and critical methods(interpretation and explanation).Finally,Moretti's distant reading has undergone an upgrade from quantitative criticism to computational criticism as well as the transition from traditional humanities to digital humanities.The advantages of digital humanities lie in its massive archives,sophisticated algorithms and interdisciplinary collaboration.However,it also has limitations:the lack of subjective experience and emotional factors,the"pitfalls"of data and graphs,and the potential"imperialist"cooperative politics.

Morettidistant readingclose readingcomputational criticismdigital humanities

陈书平、杜志卿

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华侨大学外国语学院 福建 泉州 362021

华侨大学外国语学院英语系

华侨大学中外文学与翻译研究中心

莫莱蒂 距离阅读 文本细读 计算批评 数字人文

2024

华侨大学学报(哲学社会科学版)
华侨大学

华侨大学学报(哲学社会科学版)

CHSSCD
影响因子:1.024
ISSN:1006-1398
年,卷(期):2024.(5)