通过探究不同花生轮作模式对耕层土壤酶活性的影响,为改善土壤理化性状、提高作物生产效率提供科学依据.针对水田和旱地两种起始田,在长江中下游地区设小麦—花生和油菜—花生两种轮作模式,以花生连作为对照,开展3年定位试验,探究不同轮作模式对0～20 cm和20～40 cm 土层土壤脲酶、过氧化氢酶、蔗糖酶和碱性磷酸酶活性的影响.研究发现,起始田块及种植模式对土壤酶活性均有极显著影响.在旱地起始田下,与花生连作相比,油菜—花生轮作模式提高了 0～20 cm 土层土壤过氧化氢酶(6.5％)和脲酶(4.7％)活性;在水田起始田,小麦—花生轮作模式土壤碱性磷酸酶敏感性最低(-17.2％～-6.6％),与花生连作和小麦—花生轮作相比,油菜—花生轮作提高了 0～20 cm土层土壤过氧化氢酶活性(4.7％～4.8％);相同种植模式相同土层深度下,四种土壤酶活性均表现为水田高于旱地,而同一起始田相同种植模式,土壤酶活性表现为0～20 cm 土层高于20～40 cm土层,且以水田起始田,花生连作下碱性磷酸酶活性的表现最为明显(129.6％);除0～20 cm 土层过氧化氢酶活性外,土壤脲酶、蔗糖酶和碱性磷酸酶活性均表现为花生连作＞油菜—花生轮作＞小麦—花生轮作.综上,起始田块类型和种植模式均可显著改变土壤酶活性,花生连作更有利于土壤酶活性的提高,这可能与其休闲期较高的杂草生物量和多样性有关.
The Impact of Different Peanut Crop Rotation Patterns on Soil Enzyme Activity
This study investigated the effects of various peanut rotation patterns on plow layer soil enzyme activities in order to provide scientific evidence for improving soil physicochemical properties and boosting agricultural productivity.A three-year field experiment was conducted in the mid-lower Yan-gtze River region with paddy and dryland fields.The study compared wheat-peanut and rapeseed-peanut rota-tion patterns against continuous peanut cropping as the control.It explored the effects of these rotation pat-terns on the activities of urease,catalase,sucrase,and alkaline phosphatase in the 0-20 cm and 20-40 cm soil layers.The results showed that both the field type and the crop rotation pattern had significant effects on soil enzyme activity.In dryland field,compared to continuous peanut cropping,the rapeseed-peanut rotation increased catalase activity by 6.5％and urease activity by 4.7％in the 0-20 cm soil lay-er.In paddy field,the wheat-peanut rotation resulted in the lowest sensitivity of soil alkaline phospha-tase(-17.2％to-6.6％).Compared to continuous peanut cropping and the wheat-peanut rotation,the rapeseed-peanut rotation increased soil catalase activity in the 0-20 cm soil layer(4.7％to 4.8％).For the same rotation pattern and soil depth,all soil enzyme activities recorded were higher in paddy field compared to dryland.Additionally,within the same field type and rotation pattern,enzyme activities in the 0-20 cm soil layer were greater than those in the 20-40 cm soil layer.In paddy field,continuous peanut cropping exhibited the highest alkaline phosphatase activity(129.6％).Except for catalase ac-tivity in the 0-20 cm soil layer,urease,sucrase,and alkaline phosphatase activities in both soil layers fol-lowed this ranking:continuous peanut cropping＞rapeseed-peanut rotation＞wheat-peanut rotation.In sum-mary,both the field type and crop rotation pattern can significantly affect soil enzyme activities.Continuous peanut cropping is more beneficial for enhancing soil enzyme activities,possibly due to higher weed biomass and diversity during its fallow period.
crop rotationpeanutsoil enzyme activitypaddy fielddry land
万方数据
维普
