摘要
为探究轻度镉污染地花生绿色栽培技术,本试验采用石灰和叶面阻控剂作为调控措施,研究其对花生光合特性、产量及籽仁镉含量的影响.以湘花2008品种为材料进行大田试验,设对照和5个处理:基施石灰2 250 kg/hm2(L),喷施叶面阻控剂1(L1),喷施叶面阻控剂2(L2),石灰+叶面阻控剂1配施(L+L1),石灰+叶面阻控剂2配施(L+L2).在花生主要生育时期测定光合参数、荧光参数、叶绿素含量,饱果期测定产量及籽仁镉含量.结果表明:①光合参数:基施石灰、叶面阻控剂1及其配施处理在花针期和结荚期均能增强花生光合性能(Pn、Tr、Gs上升),而饱果期下降;叶面阻控剂2及其配施处理在花针期光合参数(Pn、Tr、Gs)低于对照,结荚期略有回升.各处理Ci在结荚期、饱果期均低于对照.②荧光参数:基施石灰、叶面阻控剂1的Fo、Fm各时期整体较对照升高,Fv、Fv/Fo、Fv/Fm在结荚期、饱果期高于对照;叶面阻控剂1配施处理各参数在苗期、饱果期较对照升高;叶面阻控剂2及其配施处理的Fm、Fv、Fv/Fo、Fv/Fm在苗期、花针期、饱果期均较对照降低.③各处理SPAD值除结荚期外均高于对照,但差异不显著.④荚果产量:基施石灰、叶面阻控剂1及其配施处理能增加花生产量,叶面阻控剂2及其配施处理较对照减产.⑤相关性分析表明:花针期Pn、Gs、Ci及饱果期Fv/Fo、Fv/Fm与产量呈显著正相关.⑥籽仁镉含量:对照及各处理籽仁镉含量均达到国家绿色食品标准,各处理均能降低花生籽仁镉含量.综上,基施石灰、喷施叶面阻控剂1及其配施处理能优化植株光合性能、降低籽仁镉含量、增加花生产量,可以作为轻度镉污染地花生绿色调控措施,尤以基施石灰效果最佳.
Abstract
To explore the green cultivation technology of peanut in mildly cadmium polluted land,lime and leaf surface inhibitor were used as control measures to study their effects on photosynthetic characteris-tics,yield and cadmium content of peanut seeds.The field test was carried out with peanut variety Xiang-hua2008 as the material,and a control and 5 treatments were set as following:2,250 kg/ha lime base(L),spray foliar surface control agent 1(L1),spray foliar surface control agent 2(L2),combined application of lime+foliar surface control agent 1(L+L1),combined application of lime+foliar surface control agent 2(L+L2).The photosynthetic parameters,fluorescence parameters and chlorophyll content of peanut were de-termined in the main growth stages,and the yield and cadmium content of peanut kernel were determined in the pod-filling stage.The results showed as following:① Photosynthetic parameters:basal application of lime,leaf surface inhibitor 1 and their combined application could enhance the photosynthetic performance of peanut(Pn,Tr and Gs increased)at flowering-pegging and pod-bearing stage,but decreased at pod-filling stage;The photosynthetic parameters(Pn,Tr,Gs)of leaf surface inhibitor 2 and its combination treatment were lower than those of control at flowering-pegging stage,but increased slightly at pod-bearing stage.Ci of each treatment was lower than that of control at pod-bearing stage and pod-filling stage.② Fluorescence parame-ters:the Fo and Fm levels of base lime and leaf surface inhibitor 1 were higher than those of the control,and Fv,Fv/Fo and Fv/Fm levels were higher than those of the control at pod-bearing stage and pod-filling stage.The pa-rameters of foliar control agent 1 were higher in seedling stage and pod-filling stage than that of control.The Fm,Fv,Fv/Fo and Fv/Fm of foliar control agent 2 and its combination treatment were lower than the control at seedling stage,flowering-pegging stage and pod-filling stage.③ The SPAD value of all treatments was higher than that of the control group except the pod-bearing stage,but the difference was not significant.④ Pod yield:base application of lime,foliar control agent 1 and its combination treatment increased peanut yield,while foliar control agent 2 and its combination treatment reduced peanut yield compared with the control.⑤ Correlation a-nalysis showed that Pn,Gs,Ci at flowering-pegging stage,Fv/Fo and Fv/Fm at pod-filling stage were signifi-cantly positively correlated with yield.⑥ Cadmium content of seed kernel showed that all treatments could re-duce cadmium content of peanut seed kernel,and reached the national green food standard.In conclusion,lime base application,foliar control agent 1 spraying and their combined application can optimize plant photosynthetic performance,reduce cadmium content in seeds and increase peanut yield,and can be used as green control meas-ures for peanut in mildly cadmium polluted land,especially lime base application exhibited the best result.
维普
万方数据