高强度间歇训练在航天失重防护中的应用
Application of high intensity interval training for astronauts as a countermeasure to microgravity
李小涛 1王子牛 2张剑锋 3王惠娟 3高原4
作者信息
- 1. 西安电子科技大学特殊环境生理与体能训练军民融合创新研究中心,西安 710126;中国航天员科研训练中心航天医学全国重点实验室,北京 100094;空军军医大学航空航天医学教育部重点实验室,西安 710032
- 2. 西安电子科技大学特殊环境生理与体能训练军民融合创新研究中心,西安 710126
- 3. 中国航天员科研训练中心航天医学全国重点实验室,北京 100094
- 4. 空军军医大学航空航天医学教育部重点实验室,西安 710032
- 折叠
摘要
失重环境暴露时,体液的头向分布会导致心血管功能紊乱,去重力性卸荷会导致神经及肌肉发生退行性适应,从而使航天员重返地球重力环境时面临众多挑战,严重时甚至威胁航天员的健康和安全.运动锻炼虽然是最为有效的失重对抗防护措施,但当前基于传统运动锻炼的失重防护方案耗时过多.高强度间歇训练(HIIT)作为一种广泛应用于竞技体育的高效训练策略,可通过高强度运动结合小低度间歇或主动休息的重复组合在短期内快速提升人体运动表现.采用不同模式的HIIT训练组合可同时改善心肺健康和神经肌肉功能.HIIT或许是一种更为有效的运动锻炼失重防护策略.笔者通过对HIIT分类、作用机制和训练效果决定因素的系统综述,并对在太空失重环境中执行HIIT进行了可行性分析,提出HIIT或许可以成为当前空间站航天员运动锻炼方案的优化策略,从而更为有效地节约资源.因此,有必要首先采取地基模拟失重实验对各种拟用于航天员失重防护的HIIT训练方案进行深入研究和充分验证.
Abstract
The redistribution of body fluids towards the head will lead to cardiovascular dysfunction when exposed to microgravity environment.De-gravity unloading can cause degenerative adaptation of nerves and muscles,posing numerous challenges for astronauts returning to the Earth's gravitational environment.In severe cases,it can even threaten the health and safety of astronauts.Although exercise is the most effective weightlessness protection measure,the current weightlessness protection programs based on traditional exercise are too time-consuming.High intensity interval training(HIIT),an efficient training strategy,is widely used in competitive sports and it can rapidly improve human physical performance in the short term through a combination of high-intensity exercise with small and low intervals or active rest repetitions.The use of different modes of HIIT training combinations can simultaneously improve cardiovascular health and neuromuscular function.HIIT may be a more effective strategy for preventing weight loss during exercise.Through a systematic review of the classification,mechanism of action,and determining factors of training effectiveness of HIIT,and a feasibility analysis of implementing HIIT in space microgravity environments,it is proposed that HIIT may become an optimization strategy for current space station astronaut exercise programs,thereby more effectively saving resources.Therefore,it is necessary to take ground-based simulated microgravity experiment to deeply study and fully verify various HIIT training schemes which might be used for astronauts to counter microgravity effects.
关键词
航天员/高强度间歇训练/运动锻炼/失重/防护Key words
astronaut/high intensity interval training/exercise/microgravity/countermeasure引用本文复制引用
基金项目
载人航天工程空间站航天医学实验项目(HYZHXM01001)
教育部人文社会科学研究规划基金(20YJA890013)
国家留学基金(CSC202006965011)
出版年
2024
NETL
NSTL
万方数据