Aerobic exercise modulates changes in cardiac function due to simulated weightlessness through the AMPK/ULK1/Beclin1 pathway
Objective To explore the possible mechanisms of myocardial injury induced by simulated weightlessness in space flight and the recovery of myocardium in rats by aerobic exercise intervention.Methods The body weight of rats was weighed using an electronic balance;the cardiac function indexes of rats in each group were detected using echocardiography and isolated cardiac perfusion;and the expression of proteins related to the AMPK/ULK1/Beclin1 pathway in the myocardial tissues of rats in each group was detected using Western Blot.Results(1)When compared with the C1 group,the T1 group not statistically significant in body weight(P > 0.05),and the wet weight of the flounder muscle,the wet weight-to-weight ratio of the flounder muscle,and the heart weight were all significantly decreased(P < 0.01).(2)After 4 weeks of tail suspension and 4 weeks of aerobic exercise,significant changes in cardiac function-related indexes occurred,with a significant increase in the expression levels of AMPK and p-ULK1 in the T1 group(P < 0.01),a significant increase in the expression of p-AMPK(P < 0.05),and a slight,but not statistically significant,increase in the expression of ULK1 and Beclin1(P > 0.05).After 4 weeks of aerobic exercise,when compared to group C2,group R showed a significant rise in the expression of AMPK and ULK1(P < 0.05),a decrease in the expression of p-AMPK and p-ULK1,but not statistically significant(P > 0.05),and a rise in the expression of Beclin1,but not statistically significant(P > 0.05);and group A showed a slight increase in the expression of AMPK,ULK1 and Beclin1 expression decreased slightly but not statistically significant(P > 0.05),p-AMPK expression decreased significantly(P < 0.05)and p-ULK1 expression decreased significantly(P < 0.01)in Group A.When compared with group R,group C2 showed a significant decrease in the expression of cardiac protein AMPK(P < 0.05),a slight increase in the expression of p-AMPK and p-ULK1,a statistically insignificant decrease in the expression of Beclin1(P > 0.05),and a significant decrease in the expression of ULK1(P < 0.01);and group A showed a significant decrease in the expression of AMPK,ULK1(P < 0.01);the expression of p-AMPK and Beclin1 decreased slightly but not statistically significant(P > 0.05);the expression of p-ULK1 decreased significantly(P < 0.05).Conclusion(1)After 4 weeks of tail suspension,it was found that the wet weight,and wet weight to body weight ratio of the flounder muscle of rats were significantly reduced,the weight of the heart and cardiac function related indexes were also significantly reduced,and the expression of AMPK,p-AMPK,ULK1,p-ULK1 and Beclin1 increased;(2)After 4 weeks of aerobic exercise,it was found that the morphology of the myocardium of the rat with tail suspension,the myocardial ultrastructure and cardiac function related indexes increased,and cardiac function was improved.function-related indexes rose,cardiac function was somewhat improved,and the expression of AMPK,p-AMPK,ULK1,p-ULK1,and Beclin1 declined;(3)he damage and improvement of cardiac function were associated with the regulation of related proteins through the AMPK/ULK1/Beclin1 pathway,and the regulation of the expression of AMPK,p-AMPK,ULK1,p-ULK1,and Beclin1.
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