首页|6种园艺植物气体交换特性研究

6种园艺植物气体交换特性研究

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目的 为了利用植物吸收密闭空间内的高浓度二氧化碳,笔者对6种园艺植物内的气体交换能力和调节措施进行了探究.方法 利用密闭低压装置,在3个光照强度梯度[170 μmol/(m2·s)、270 μmol/(m2·s)、370 μmol/(m2·s)]和4个二氧化碳浓度梯度(500 ppm、1 000 ppm、1 500 ppm、2 000 ppm)条件下,研究棕竹、菊花、白鹤芋、花烛、芦荟和肾蕨的气体交换特性.结果 6种植物的平均光合速率差异显著,排序为菊花>白鹤芋>棕竹>芦荟>花烛>肾蕨.相比之下,菊花、白鹤芋、棕竹的蒸腾速率和呼吸速率较大,在黑暗条件下芦荟吸收了二氧化碳.370 μmol/(m2·s)的光强对棕竹的光合速率提升最大,与低光强相比,约提升2.57倍;高光照强度对肾蕨的光合速率具有抑制作用,其光合速率水平低于低光照强度的光合速率(约低3%).当二氧化碳浓度为2 000 ppm,菊花、白鹤芋、棕竹三者的平均光合速率均>9.13 μmol CO2/(m2·s),是500 ppm的二氧化碳浓度下平均光合速率的3倍左右.结论 6种园艺植物的气体交换能力以菊花、棕竹、白鹤芋为优,提高培养环境光照强度和二氧化碳浓度能够明显促进上述3种植物的气体交换.
Study on gas exchange characteristics of six horticultural plants
Objective In order to use plants to absorb high concentration carbon dioxide in closed space,the gas exchange capacity and regulation measures of six horticultural plants were explored.Methods The gas exchange characteristics of Bamboo Palm,Chrysanthemum,Peace Lily,Anthurium,Aloe vera,and Nephrolepis exaltata were studied under three light gradients[170 μmol/(m2·s),270 μmol/(m2·s),370 μmol/(m2·s)]and four carbon dioxide concentration gradients(500 ppm,1 000 ppm,1 500 ppm,2 000 ppm)using a closed low-pressure device.Results The results indicate significant differences in the average photosynthetic rates among the six plants,with the ranking order as Chrysanthemum>Peace Lily>Bamboo Palm>Aloe vera>Anthurium>Nephrolepis exaltata.In contrast,the transpiration rate and respiration rate of Chrysanthemum,Peace Lily and Bamoo Palm were higher,aloe vera absorbed carbon dioxide under dark conditions.Under a light intensity of 370 μmol/(m2·s),the photosynthetic rate of Bamboo Palm was most enhanced,2.57 times that under the condition of 170 μmol/(m2·s),whereas high light intensity suppressed the photosynthetic rate of Nephrolepis exaltata,which was about 3%lower than that under low light intensity.Under a carbon dioxide concentration of 2 000 ppm,the photosynthetic rates of Chrysanthemum,Peace Lily,and Bamboo Palm was more than 9.13 μmol CO2/(m2·s),approximately three times the average rate under low carbon dioxide concentration.Conclusion Among the six horticultural plants,Chrysanthemum,Bamboo Palm,and Peace Lily exhibit superior gas exchange capabilities,and increasing the light intensity and carbon dioxide concentration in the cultivation environment significantly enhances the photosynthetic rate of these three plants.

horticultural plantsgas exchangelight intensitycarbon dioxide concentration

张聪、唐永康、王建霄、吴浩、毛瑞鑫、纪运杰

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人因工程全国重点实验室(中国航天员科研训练中心),北京 100094

河北工程大学园林与生态工程学院,邯郸 056000

中国航天员科研训练中心,北京 100094

园艺植物 气体交换 光照强度 二氧化碳浓度

2024

航天医学与医学工程
中国航天员科研训练中心

航天医学与医学工程

影响因子:0.392
ISSN:1002-0837
年,卷(期):2024.35(5)