Progress and prospects of the research on mineralization of dispersed elements(In,Ga,Ge,Te)related to granite and pegmatite
With the advancement of the global economy,the significance of cutting-edge technology and the pre-servation and development of future energy can be decisive in ensuring national energy security,homeland security,and economic development.Dispersed elements play an indispensable role in high-tech industries,but their unique characteristics contribute to their scarcity in the earth's crust and limited reserves.The research on the geochemical behavior of dispersed elements is relatively weak,and there is considerable controversy regarding their metallogenic mechanisms.With the progress of research,it has been found that the anomalous enrichment of dispersed elements shows a strong correlation with granite and pegmatite in both mineralization time and spatial distribution.Nevertheless,different dispersed elements exhibit significantly different geochemical behaviors during the enrichment process.During magmatic evolution,indium is influenced by the content of dark minerals and their iron and magnesium minerals and shows a strong correlation with tin.In the later stages of precipitation,indium enrichment is closely related to sphalerite and its iron and cadmium content.When present in granitic pegmatite,gallium shows a strong correlation with niobium,tantalum,lithium,and rubidium,mainly enriching in muscovite and microcline in pegmatite.In the later stages of magmatic evolution,germanium tends to enrich in highly volatile components but primarily associates with organic mat-ter to form germanium-containing organic compounds or complexes or dynamically recrystallizes in sphalerite to enrich.Tellurium mainly coexists with bismuth.Recently,large quantities of tellurium-bismuth compounds have been found in pegmatite and tungsten deposits closely related to granite.The outlook of the research on dispersed element deposits is made,including the relationship between dispersed metals and primary minerals,detailed characterization of the migration and enrichment processes of dispersed metals,and detection technologies for enriched dispersed element deposits.These studies will provide new data and theoretical guidance for the further development and utilization of dispersed metals.
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