Lassa fever(LF)is an acute zoonotic disease caused by the Lassa virus(LASV).The virus was first isolated in 1970 from a nurse in Lassa town,Borno State,northeastern Nigeria,who presented with an undiagnosed febrile illness at Yale School of Medicine.LASV is a highly pathogenic virus classified as a biosafety level 4 pathogen.Lassa fever primarily affects western African countries such as Guinea,Liberia,Nigeria,and Sierra Leone.However,there has been a progressive expansion in the geographic range of LASV in recent years,with reported cases of Lassa fever emerging in countries including the United States,Canada,the United Kingdom,Sweden,and Germany,which has garnered significant attention.Clinical manifestations of Lassa fever encompass disseminated intravascular coagulation,extensive mucosal bleeding,multi-organ failure,and shock.Nonetheless,early symptoms closely resemble those of other viral hemorrhagic fevers,thereby presenting substantial challenges for prompt diagnosis and treatment.This review aims to provide an introduction to the pathogenesis and epidemiology of the Lassa virus,as well as the diagnosis of the virus and preventive and control measures,to provide an active response to potential outbreaks of the Lassa virus in China.
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