Objective:To explore the impact of postpartum depression on the diversity and composition of the gut microbiota of the offspring aged 6 months.Methods:Thirteen mothers with postpartum de-pression and 25 mothers without postpartum depression were selected from the established mother-infant cohort.MiSeq high-throughput sequencing technology was used to sequence the 16S rRNA gene V3-V4 region in fecal samples of their offspring aged 6 months and to analyze the diversity and composition of infant gut microbiota between the depression group and the control group.Multi-ple linear regression was used to analyze the factors affecting the gut microbiota of offspring.Results:There was no significant difference in the diversity of 6-month-old infant gut microbiota between the depression group and control group,in terms of gut microbiota composition.Bacteroides,Bacteroida-ceae,Megamonas,Bacillaceae,and Acidaminococcaceae were significantly different between the two groups.Postpartum depression was positively associated with Bacillus in the gut microbiota of the offspring at 6 months of age.Conclusion:Maternal postnatal depression significantly impacts the gut microbiota of the offspring aged 6 months,and management of postnatal depression may contrib-ute to the establishment and stability of the offspring's gut microbiota.