Objective:To explore the clinical characteristics of children with respiratory tract infection of re-spiratory syncytial virus(RSV)under the influence of immunity debt,after the implementation of the"category B management"policy in China for the prevention and control of COVID-19 epidemic and the reduction of non-pharmaceutical interventions(NPIs).Methods:A retrospective analysis was made on the clinical data of the children with respiratory tract infection of RSV in Yangluo District of the Third People's Hospital of Hubei Province from April 2023 to May 2023.Results:Among the 707 children with respiratory tract infections,282 were detected with RSV,with a positive rate of 39.9%.April to May 2023 was the peak season for RSV infection.The proportion of RSV single in-fection was 51.1%(144/282),and the proportion of RSV co-infection with other pathogens was 48.9%(138/282);among the 144 children with RSV single infection,the male-to-female ratio was 1.2(79∶65),and the age distribution was mostly 3-5 years.Most patients were hospitalized for 5 to 6 days(63.2%).Cough(100%),fever(82.6%)and coarse breath sounds(95.1%)in both lungs were common,and wheezing(11.6%)was less common.The incidence of pneumonia was 95.8%and that of severe pneumonia was 8.7%.Conclusion:Under the influence of immunity debt,RSV infec-tions were counter-seasonal,entering the epidemic period in late spring and early summer(April to May).Most children infected with RSV were 3 to 5 years old,followed by those aged 1 to 2 years.The incidence of wheezing among these children was low,with symptoms primarily consisting of fe-ver and cough.Furthermore,RSV infections can easily lead to immune function disorders,and the occurrence of RSV co-infections has also increased as a result of immunity debt.
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