Inheriting the Past and Expanding the New:Innovation and Revival of the Funeral Ceremony for Scholars in the Song and Yuan Dynasties
After the Qin and Han dynasties,the situation of 期 not being polite to commoners in the pre Qin period gradually changed.The coronal wedding and funeral rituals originally implemented for the aris-tocratic class gradually shifted to the common people.By the late Tang Dynasty,especially during the song and Yuan Dynasities,the trans for mation of the commoner class under the rites had basically been achie-red.During that process,the funeral ceremony in ancient rituals also gained revival.The important reason for the turning point of the ritual system during the Song and Yuan Dynasties was the decline of the aristo-cratic class,as well as the need for the revival of the patriarchal system and the rectification of the world style by the literati.Sima Guang,Zhu Xi,and Lv Zuqian all attempted to simplify the pre Qin funeral ritu-al system without violating the spirit of ancient etiquettes,in order to meet the needs of the social and commoner etiquette culture.Compared to other works,Zhu Xi's Jia Li(《朱子家礼》)had the greatest im-pact on later generations due to their simplicity and ease of implementation.The Xiangyi(《乡仪》)written by Lv Dajun and others of the Northern Song Dynasty,as well as the Zhengshi Jia Yi(《郑氏家仪》)written by Zheng Yong of the Yuan Dynasty,are outstanding representatives of folk literature on family etiquettes based on ancient customs,with a profound impact on society.
Song and Yuan Dynastiescommoner classfuneralZhu Xi's Jia LiZhengshi Jia Yi
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