为明确 30%乙螨唑悬浮剂、23%阿维菌素·乙螨唑悬浮剂和 15%乙螨唑·唑螨酯悬浮剂等 3 种杀螨剂对松毛虫赤眼蜂和七星瓢虫的急性毒性效应和初级风险，采用试管药膜法分别测定了 3 种杀螨剂对松毛虫赤眼蜂和七星瓢虫的急性毒性，并预测杀螨剂在农田内外的暴露量，表征毒性风险。结果表明:3种杀螨剂对松毛虫赤眼蜂急性接触毒性LR50 为0。255～63。400 g a。i。/hm2;对七星瓢虫的急性接触毒性LR50-48 h和LR50-16 d分别为 9。30～21。70 g a。i。/hm2 和 3。72～8。36 g a。i。/hm2。30%乙螨唑悬浮剂和 15%乙螨唑·唑螨酯悬浮剂在农田内外对松毛虫寄生蜂的危害商值HQ均小于 5，风险可接受;23%阿维菌素·乙螨唑悬浮剂在农田内外对松毛虫寄生蜂的危害商值HQ均大于 5，风险不可接受;30%乙螨唑悬浮剂和 23%阿维菌素·乙螨唑悬浮剂对七星瓢虫的农田内危害商值HQ均大于 5，风险不可接受;15%乙螨唑·唑螨酯悬浮剂对七星瓢虫的农田内危害商值HQ均小于 5，风险可接受;3 种杀螨剂对七星瓢虫的农田外危害商值HQ均小于 5，风险可接受。综之，2 种复配杀螨剂相比单剂的毒性增大，30%乙螨唑悬浮剂和 23%阿维菌素·乙螨唑悬浮剂对非靶标节肢动物的风险均不可接受，农药施用时需采用一些风险降低措施来减轻对松毛虫赤眼蜂和七星瓢虫的风险。
Toxicity Risk Assessment of Three Acaricides Against Trichogramma dendrolimi and Coccinella septempunctata
To evaluate the acute toxicity and primary risk of three acaricides including 30%etoxazole suspension,23%abamectin·etoxazole suspension,and 15%etoxazole·fenpyroximate suspension against Trichogramma dendrolimi and Coccinella septempunctata,the acute toxicity of three acaricides against T.dendrolimi and C.septempunctata was tested by test-tube film,and the exposed quantity of the acaricides in and out of farmland was predicted to characterize the risk of toxicity.The results show that the acute contact toxicity(LR50)of the three acaricides against T.dendrolimi is 0.255-63.400 g a.i./hm2.The LR50-48 h and LR50-16 d of the three acaricides against C.septempunctata are 9.30-21.70 g a.i./hm2 and 3.72-8.36 g a.i./hm2,respectively.For T.dendrolimi,the hazard quotient(HQ)values of 30%etoxazole suspension and 15%etoxazole·fenpyroximate suspension in and out of farmland are less than 5,so the risk is acceptable.In addition,the HQ values of 23%abamectin·etoxazole suspension in and out of farmland are greater than 5,and the risk is unacceptable.For C.septempunctata,the HQ values of 30%etoxazole suspension and 23%abamectin·etoxazole suspension in farmland are greater than 5,and the risk is unacceptable.The HQ values of 15%etoxazole·fenpyroximate suspension in farmland are less than 5,and the risk is acceptable.The HQ values of the three acaricides out of farmland are less than 5,so the risk is acceptable.In summary,the toxicity of combination of two kinds of acaricides is greater than the single acaricide,and the risk of 30%etoxazole suspension and 23%abamectin·etoxazole suspension is unacceptable against non-target arthropods.Therefore,some risk reduction measures should be adopted during pesticide application to reduce the risk to T.dendrolimi and C.septempunctata.
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