摘要
作为光传输和光子器件的核心材料,光纤已广泛应用于光通信、激光器、光传感等领域.随着光纤应用领域的不断扩展,对光纤的性能和功能提出了更高的要求,传统的光纤材料已不能满足人们日益增长的需求.在此背景下,多材料光纤应运而生.多材料光纤是近年来发展起来的一类新型光纤材料,其旨在将不同功能材料集成到单一光纤,实现单一光纤的多功能和高性能,为在多个领域中扩展光纤的应用提供新的机会.特别是光电功能多材料光纤,因其在先进光电子器件、光遗传学、智能织物、多功能传感以及柔性可穿戴电子等领域的广泛应用而受到越来越多的关注.文中对光电功能多材料光纤的制备方法、结构、性能及应用等进行了总结和归纳,梳理了光电功能多材料光纤的常用制备技术、设计策略及工作原理.此外,还总结了光电功能多材料光纤在光电探测、化学探测、超声探测、辐射探测以及光遗传神经调控等领域的研究进展.最后,对光电功能多材料光纤的发展前景及存在的挑战进行了展望和分析.
Abstract
Significance Optical fiber is the cornerstone of information technology and the foundation for the development of a future intelligent society.As the core material of optical transmission and photonic devices,optical fiber has been widely used in optical communication,laser,optical sensing and other fields.With the continuous expansion of the application field of optical fiber,higher requirements are put forward for the performance and function of optical fiber,and traditional optical fiber materials cannot meet the increasing needs of people.Under this background,multimaterial fibers came into being.Multimaterial fiber is a new type of fiber material developed in recent years,which aims to integrate different functional materials into a single fiber to achieve the multifunction and high-performance of a single fiber,providing new opportunities for expanding the application of conventional optical fibers in many fields.In particular,multimaterial fibers,which have the functions of photoelectric conversion,transmission and collection,have attracted more and more attention due to their wide applications in advanced optoelectronic devices,optogenetics,smart fabrics,multifunctional sensing and flexible wearable electronics.Progress First,the preparation method,structure,properties and application of multimaterial optoelectronic functional fibers are reviewed,and the common preparation method,design strategy and working principle of multimaterial fibers are introduced.Then,the latest progress of multimaterial fiber in the fields of photoelectric detection,biochemical sensing,intelligent fabric and photogenetic neural regulation is summarized.Finally,the development prospect and existing challenges of multimaterial fibers are prospected and analyzed.Conclusions and Prospects In this paper,the recent progress of multimaterial fibers in multifunctional sensing applications is reviewed,including the design strategies and the fabrication methods,as well as the research progress.With the development and progress of material processing technology,a variety of functional materials such as metals,semiconductors,crystals,polymers,glass,micro devices,and gels can be integrated into a single fiber or fiber array to achieve multifunction and high-performance,which greatly expands the function and application of traditional optical fibers.While great success has been achieved over the past two decades,the future development of multimaterial fibers still faces several challenges:One is that there is still not enough material that can be integrated into the fiber.The most commonly used method for manufacturing multimaterial fibers is still the thermal drawing,which requires all materials to have matching thermal properties,which limits the choice of materials to make multifunctional fibers.Second,the functional integration of multimaterial fiber is still low.In general,most fibers can only sense one physical parameter,while a few fibers can sense two or more physical parameters at the same time.This limitation may depend on the material composition and the structural configuration of the multi-material fibers.Third,the intelligence of multimaterial fiber is still weak.The integration of multimaterial fiber into the next generation of smart textiles can promote the intelligent process of smart textiles.For example,combining smart fabrics composed of multifunctional fibers with artificial intelligence and big data will revolutionize human health monitoring,such as detecting blood pressure,blood sugar,pH,body temperature,heart rate,etc.At the same time,the mechanical information such as bending,torsion,stretching and rotation of multifunctional fibers can be obtained.Based on the above data and intelligent analysis,the health status of the human body can be accurately assessed at any time,which will greatly change the way people live their daily lives.
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