Research progress of catalytic mechanism for urea electrooxidation based on in situ techniques
The UOR(urea electrooxidation reaction)is an important half-reaction for both urea electrolysis producing hydrogen and direct urea fuel cells.It achieves green treatment and resource utilization for urea-containing wastewater.However,the complex six-electron transfer process leads to slow kinetics.Furthermore,the formation and conversion of various intermediates are involved in the reaction process.These result in low activity and poor stability of the catalysts.Therefore,it is necessary to study the catalytic mechanism combined with in situ techniques to scientifically design the catalysts for UOR.This paper reviewed the UOR researches based on electrochemical in situ techniques in terms of reaction mechanism,reaction pathway and catalysts modification mechanism.Focusing on the catalytic mechanism by electrochemical in situ FTIR(Fourier transform infrared)and Raman spectroscopy techniques,the enhancement strategy of the UOR catalysts was deep explored via analyzing the bond cleavage and formation as well as the changes of characteristic peaks during the reaction process.Finally,the research directions of urea electrooxidation based on in situ techniques were proposed,aiming to develop efficient and stable electrocatalysts for application.
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