摘要
木质纤维素气凝胶具有密度低、孔隙率高、导热系数低等优异性能,被广泛应用于保温隔热、吸附、催化、电磁屏蔽和生物医学等领域.同时木质纤维素也是一种生物基材料,具有绿色、无污染、可再生和可持续的特点.本文首先综述了木材基纤维素和农作物废弃物基纤维素气凝胶的最新研究进展,然后综述了冷冻干燥、超临界干燥和常压干燥制备木质纤维素气凝胶的研究现状.其次,针对木质纤维素气凝胶普遍存在的易燃问题,详述了提高木质纤维素气凝胶阻燃性能的常用方法.最后,提出了木质纤维素气凝胶制备及性能方面存在的主要问题,并对该领域未来的发展方向进行了展望.
Abstract
Lignocellulose aerogels possess excellent properties of low density,high porosity,low thermal conductivity and so on,making them widely utilized in thermal insulation,adsorption,catalysis,electromagnetic shielding,biomedical and other fields.Moreover,as a bio-based material,lignocellulose is a green,pollution-free,renewable,and sustainable material.In this paper,the latest research progress of wood-based cellulose and agricultural waste-based cellulose aerogels are reviewed.Then the current research status of lignocellulose aerogel preparation methods including freeze-drying,supercritical drying,and atmospheric drying,is summarized.In addition,for the flammability issues commonly found in lignocellulose aerogels,commonly used methods to improve the flame retardancy of lignocellulose aerogels are discussed in detail.Finally,this paper concludes the main problems in lignocellulose aerogel preparation methods and properties,and the future development direction in this field is proposed.
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