Sulfate Radicals:A New Tool for Enhancing Sludge Dewatering
Sludge is an inevitable by-product of the wastewater treatment process and due to its high water content,large volume,and inclusion of a large amount of toxic and hazardous substances,needs to be minimized and harmlessly treated.However,sludge possesses extracellular polymeric substances(EPS)formed by ionization of negatively charged functional groups,which maintain a stable hydrated colloidal structure and prevent the release of water.This is a key factor in the difficulty of sludge dewatering.In the last decade,sulfate radical-based advanced oxidation processes(SR-AOPs)have received considerable attention due to their high efficiency for EPS disintegration,rapid reaction time and environmental friendliness,and thus sulfate radicals have become a new powerful tool for enhancing sludge dewaterability.In this paper,the development timeline and activation mechanisms of sulfate radicals are reviewed in detail,and the research advances of SR-AOPs for improving sludge dewaterability and removing micropollutants and heavy metals from sludge are systematically evaluated.Based on the current scientific problems of SR-AOPs in sludge conditioning,the future research directions of SR-AOPs are proposed from the perspectives of mechanism research,cost-effectiveness,and experimental scale,in order to provide a solid theoretical reference for sludge conditioning in wastewater treatment plants in China.
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