Advanced Design Strategies for High-Performance Electrocatalysts Based on Oxygen Reduction Reaction towards H2O2 Synthesis
Hydrogen peroxide(H2O2),as an important chemical raw material in the fields of environment,chemical,and energy,has become an emerging candidate in promoting energy transformation and green development of the chemical industry due to its characteristics of green environmental protection and strong sustainability.At present,over 95％of H2O2 worldwide is synthesized through the anthraquinone oxidation(AO process),which mainly involves the hydrogenation and oxidation process of anthraquinone molecules in Ni or Pd catalysts and organic solvents.However,the AO process also brings in additional costs and poses risks such as flammability and explosion during transportation,high energy consumption,and waste generation.Oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)towards H2O2 synthesis provides an economical,efficient,and harmless alternative process for the in-situ synthesis of green reagents under mild conditions.However,ORR towards H2O2 synthesis mainly faces two major challenges:low reaction selectivity and slow reaction kinetics,which lead to generally low H2O2 yield and Faraday efficiency,hindering further industrial applications.As the core of electrocatalytic reactions,the surface physicochemical properties of electrocatalysts are usually closely related to the catalytic process,directly affecting the adsorption and desorption of reaction species,thereby further affecting the overall reaction thermodynamics and kinetics.Therefore,developing electrocatalysts with high activity,high selectivity,and good stability,is the key to further improving the catalytic activity and energy conversion efficiency.Based on this,this review systematically summarizes the advanced design strategies of high-performance electrocatalysts in the H2O2 synthesis through ORR in recent years.The synthesis strategies and control mechanisms of advanced electrocatalysts are summarized and sorted out from four aspects:electronic structure control,geometric structure control,surface morphology control,and atomization active site design.Prospects and suggestions are also proposed for the design direction and application prospects of ORR electrocatalysts,which are beneficial for achieving precise control of intermediate adsorption and desorption behavior in reaction rate-determining steps,and constructing interface conditions for efficient energy and mass transfer of reaction species.
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