Based on newly discovered diplomatic archives between Britain and Japan,this paper examines the internal coordination process among consuls during the formulation of the"Land Regulations"of Kulangsu International Settlement in 1901,revealing the divergent perceptions and responses of British and Japanese consuls towards China-related issues,and analyzing Japan's influence on the British-led local order in the early discourse of"sphere of influence".In the early stage of coordination,the"Road Committee"was viewed by Japanese consuls as a limited local administrative body,and potential Taiwanese residents were willing to assist Japan in monopolizing local real estate capital,thus facilitating the concession negotiations.In the middle stage of coordination,the Xiamen Tao-tai's inquiries made the political system of the Board of Works a focal point of negotiation,and Japanese consuls at this time strongly supported the Chinese directors,intending to safeguard the interests of the Qing government and prevent the expansion of Western powers'influence.In the later stage of coordination,serious conflicts arose between Britain and Japan over the issue of participation rights of British and Japanese residents in politics,and the negotiations were on the verge of breakdown.In order to maintain relations with the Western powers,the Ministry of Foreign Affairs urgently instructed Japanese consuls to make concessions.The formation of local order in Kulangsu was not only the result of resistance from China,but also the competition and struggle among the Western powers.
维普
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