摘要
前人对李贽《四书评》的真伪争议颇多,但尚无定论.将其与梁知(即叶昼)的《四书眼》对比,发现有多达60余处雷同,而且《四书评》往往暗用《四书眼》引文而抹去姓名,这说明《四书评》抄袭了《四书眼》,由此可断定其作者绝不可能是李贽,从而使这一公案得以定谳.两书都引用了较多杨起元、周汝登、顾宪成的观点,而此三人正是梁知所尊为师者,由此推测二书很可能都是梁知所作.梁知可能先作《四书眼》,然后取其精要又作《四书评》,但《四书评》先出,而《四书眼》后出.《四书评》虽是一部伪书,但它首次把四书作为文学评点的对象,丰富了四书学的内涵,也具有一定的文学价值.
Abstract
There were a lot of debates on the authenticity of The Commentary on the Four Books by Li Zhi,but no final agreement had been reached.The Eyes of the Four Books wrote by Liang Zhi(real name Ye Zhou)had close relationship with it.The two had more than 60 same points and the latter often made use of the citations and deleted their source which used in the former,which means the latter plagiarized the former,so the author of the latter couldn't be Li Zhi.The Commentary on the Four Books also cited from Yang Qiyuan,Zhou Rudeng and Gu Xiancheng all of whom were respected as teachers by Ye Zhou,so we can conclude The Commentary on the Four Books was also wrote by Ye Zhou,who may wrote The Eyes of the Four Books first,and concentrated it to write The Commentary on the Four Books,but the later published first and the first later.Although The Commentary on the Four Books was an apocryphal book,it was the first time that The Four Books became an object of literary commentary,which enriched the connotation of the Four Books and had certain literary value.
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