Challenges and Countermeasures of Partial Nitrification-Anaerobic Ammonium Oxidation Process
The partial nitrification-anaerobic ammonium oxidation(PN/A)process has many advantages over traditional biological nitrogen removal processes,such as low energy consumption,simple equipment,and low sludge yield,and is therefore of great interest in the field of wastewater nitrogen removal.Firstly,some challenges in the practical application of PN/A process,such as poor treatment effect of high C/N wastewater,difficulty in inhibiting nitrite oxidizing bacteria(NOB),and slow start-up of the PN/A process,etc.are summarized in this paper.Then,in response to the above challenges,some improvement measures for PN/A process have been proposed.Multiple pre-treatment techniques can be used to reduce the organic content of wastewater,in order to mitigate the negative impact of high C/N ratio wastewater.According to the differences in growth conditions among NOB,anammox(AnAOB),and ammonia-oxidizing bacteria(AOB),the growth of NOB bacteria can be inhibited by regulating environmental conditions such as temperature,pH,and dissolved oxygen,or by adding inhibitors.Next,the methods for rapid start-up of the PN/A process were summarized,including adding chemical substances,applying physical fields,adding AnAOB seed mud,and providing optimal growth conditions for AnAOB.Finally,the future directions of the pending in-depth research of PN/A technology are prospected.
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