Recent Advances in Nanoscintillators-Based X-ray Luminescence Biomolecule Measurement and Disease Treatment
X-ray luminescence refers to the process in which scintillator emits low-energy photons under X-ray excitation.It is increasingly becoming a useful tool in biosensing,medical imaging,photodynamic therapy,optogenetics.Compared with traditional ultraviolet excitation light,X-rays have high penetration into biological tissues and do not trigger the autofluorescence of organisms,enabling deep tissue,background-free,and highly sensitive biological analysis.In recent years,X-ray luminescence based on nanoscintillators has been widely studied in biophotonics,promoting the applications in analytical chemistry and biomedicine.This review firstly provides an overview of the X-ray luminescence mechanism of scintillators,and then focuses on the research progress of nanoscintillators as optical probes in biomolecular measurement and disease treatment,including biosensing,in vivo imaging,and photodynamic therapy.Finally,some challenges and possible solutions are further discussed.
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