Recent Advances in Nickel-Catalyzed Ring Opening Cross-Coupling of Aziridines
Aziridines are among the most important building blocks in modem organic synthesis due to their proclivity to ring-opening with a wide range of nucleophiles.This small nitrogen-containing ring system is a highly strained molecule,and C-N fragmentation allows it to be used as the precursor for various scaffolds(including amino alcohols,amino ethers,and diamines)that are not readily accessible through conventional methods.The driving force for this C-N activation is the release of ring strain.In conclusion,significant advances in this filed have been realized with various of nucleophiles.On the other hand,the use of transition metal for C-N activation is one of the most significant methods for the construction of complex molecules.Transition metal-catalyzed ring opening cross-coupling of aziridines have received much attention in recent years.Over the past decades,many groups have described approaches to engage aziridines as electrophiles in nick-el-catalyzed cross-coupling.This paper reviews the recent advances in nickel-catalyzed ring opening cross-coupling of aziri-dines,focuses on the ring-opening methodology,compares the regioselective of the different aziridines,and summarizes gen-eralities of these strategies.We split this paper into three sections consisting of construction of β-functionalized amines via Ni-catalyzed,dual photoredox/Ni-catalyzed,and Ni-catalyzed electrochemical cross-coupling of aziridines.Traditional methods for the ring-opening of aziridines include(1)nickel-catalyzed SN2 nucleophilic ring-opening,(2)nucleophilic halide ring-opening,and(3)electro-induced ring-opening.
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