Tumor-specific Peptide Probes and the Applications in Bioimaging
The tumor is a complex system composed of various elements,encompassing cells,extracellular matrix,and the tumor microenvironment.Each of these distinct factors plays a pivotal role in the development and progression of tumors.The specific analysis of tumor-associated cells,extracellular matrix,and tumor microenvironment is of paramount im-portance for precise diagnosis and targeted therapy of tumors.Peptide probes have gained substantial prominence in investi-gations focused on tumor-specific imaging,primarily attributed to their notable attributes,including high specificity,bio-compatibility,tissue-penetrating capabilities,and straightforward preparation processes.This review comprehensively sum-marizes the peptide probes for specific imaging of tumor-associated cells.The specific recognition of cells was by binding various cellular markers,such as the epidermal growth factor receptor(EGFR),vascular endothelial growth factor receptor(VEGFR),and folate receptor(FRα)for tumor cells.Additionally,the biomarkers include CD206,neurokinin-1 receptor(NK-1R),and CD11c for immune cells,along with nucleolin and integrins for tumor vascular endothelial cells.Furthermore,this comprehensive review encapsulates peptide probes designed for the specific targeting of extracellular matrix proteins and their applications in tumor-specific imaging.The focal points among these protein targets encompass pathological collagen,matrix metalloproteinases,and fibronectin.Of particular significance is the potential of pathological collagen as a highly promising extracellular matrix target for achieving tumor-specific imaging.The review comprehensively outlines tu-mor-specific peptide probes responsive to various factors within the tumor microenvironment.Commonly encountered re-sponsive factors in the tumor microenvironment include mild acidity(pH),heightened enzyme activity,such as matrix metal-loproteinases and cathepsin,and elevated levels of oxidative stress.It further explores their versatile applications in bioimag-ing.Lastly,this review discusses the clinical applications of tumor-specific peptide probes in diagnostic practices.It explores the current challenges and prospects of these peptide probes,elucidating their potential contributions to precision diagnosis and personalized treatment of tumors,including precise surgical navigation and their synergistic use with immunotherapy.
NETL
NSTL
万方数据
