Organic solar cells(OSCs)represent a promising frontier in the realm of green energy,characterized by their lightweight design,flexibility,cost-effectiveness,and capacity for large-scale production.This innovative technological ad-vancement serves as a pivotal catalyst in advancing energy cleanliness and promoting sustainable societal progress.An essen-tial objective in the ongoing development of organic solar cells is to elevate their power conversion efficiency to levels com-parable to traditional inorganic solar cells,which typically achieve around 20％efficiency.The continuous expansion and deepening of research endeavors have accelerated the scientific progress of OSC,pushing it into a phase of rapid evolution.The persistent advancements in photovoltaic materials and optimization techniques for these devices signal a promising commercial future as device efficiency steadily rises.The structural organization and stability of OSC intricately influence its performance,with the morphology of the active layer playing a pivotal role in determining device power conversion efficien-cy.In recent years,the integration of additives into OSC has garnered significant attention due to their ability to fine-tune the active layer,ease of application,and remarkable potential for enhancing device performance.This review provides a succinct exploration of the various types,structures,and mechanisms of additives employed in the development of OSC.By catego-rizing additives based on their molecular structural features,the review identifies four primary groups:non-aromatic cyclic additives,single-cyclic or polycyclic aromatic additives,additives with donor-acceptor(D-A)molecular structures,and addi-tives with complex functions and structures.Each category of additive is meticulously examined to offer a thorough under-standing of their mechanisms and the fundamental principles guiding their development.Moreover,the review delves into the future prospects and current challenges associated with the utilization of additives in the OSC domain.It offers invaluable insights to researchers by shedding light on the design and implementation of novel,high-efficiency additives in their up-coming projects.Through this exploration of the multifaceted realm of additives in organic solar cells,the review aims to pave the way for heightened efficiency and efficacy in green energy solutions,contributing to a more sustainable future pow-ered by innovative technologies.
organic solar celldevice efficiencyadditivemorphology optimization
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