Pollution levels and health risk assessment of metals and metalloids in fine particulate matter from cooking oil fumes
Objective To analyze the pollution levels of metal and metalloids in fine particulate matter of cooking oil fume(COFs-PM2.5)and assess their health risks to human health.Methods Cooking oil fumes were generated by heating rapeseed oil in an iron pan using an electric stove in a closed laboratory,and COFs-PM2.5(oil fumes group)was collected using a high-load particulate sampler.Meanwhile,indoor air was also collected in another laboratory as a control group.The collected COFs-PM2.5 filter membranes were ultrasonically extracted with nitric acid,and the contents of 12 metals/metalloids in the COFs-PM2.5,including beryllium(Be),aluminum(Al),chromium(Cr),manganese(Mn),nickel(Ni),arsenic(As),selenium(Se),cadmium(Cd),antimony(Sb),mercury(Hg),thallium(Tl),and lead(Pb),were detected using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry(ICP-MS).The health risk assessment was conducted in accordance with the Technical Guidelines for Environmental Health Risk Assessment of Chemical Substances(WS/T 777-2021).Results The main elements in COFs-PM2.5 were Al,Cr,and Ni,with concentrations of 215.74±28.27,37.54±9.05,and 20.87±3.54 ng/m3,accounting for 91.2％of the metal components.Among them,the Cr and Ni contents in the oil fumes group were higher than those in the control group(t=4.00,10.71,both P＜0.01).The health risk assessment showed that the chronic non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks of metals/metalloids in COFs-PM2.5 to adult women and men were at a low level.The non-carcinogenic risk was in the order of Ni＞Mn＞As＞Al＞Sb＞Cd＞Be＞Se(with hazard quotient(HQ)values all＜1).The carcinogenic risk was in the order of As＞Ni＞Cd＞Be＞P(with carcinogenic risk(CR)values all＜1.0X10-6).Conclusion There is a certain level of pollution of metals/metalloids in COFs-PM2.5,but the health risks to adult women and men are at a low level.
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