Composition analysis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and carcinogenic risk assessment in ambient PM2.5 in urban areas of Fuzhou and Sanming cities
Objective To investigate the composition of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs)in ambient PM2.5 in urban areas in Fuzhou and Sanming cities and assess their carcinogenic risk they pose to human health,and to provide a basis for formulating air pollution control measures.Methods Form 2019 to 2022,ambient PM2.5 samples were collected from four sites in Fuzhou and Sanming cities by membrane filter method.The PAHs components in the samples were an-alyzed using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography.The sources of PAHs were identified using principal compo-nent analysis.The excess cancer risk(ECR)of PAHs was assessed using a lifetime excess cancer risk model based on the toxicity of benzo[a]pyrene(BaP).Results The concentrations of 16 PAHs in PM2.5 in Fuzhou and Sanming cities were 2.75 ng/m3 and 14.82 ng/m3,respectively.Four factors were extracted using principal component analysis in both cities.In Fuzhou,the main loading factors of four factors were as follow:Factor 1:fluoranthene(FLT),pyrene(PYR),chrysene(CHR);Factor 2:dibenzo[a,h]anthracene(DahA),benzo[g,h,i]perylene(BghiP),indenzo[1,2,3-CD]pyrene(IcdP);Factor 3:naphthalene(NAP),acenaphthylene(ACY);Factor 4:fluorene(FLU),dihydrogen acenaph-thene(ACE).These four factors accounted for 57.0％,8.0％,7.9％,and 6.8％of the total contribution,respectively,with a cumulative contribution of 79.7％.In Sanming,the main loading factors of four factors were as follow:Factor 1:DahA,BghiP,IcdP;Factor 2:PLT,PYR;Factor 3:NAP,ACY;Factor 4:benzo[a]pyrene(BaP),benzo[b]flu-oranthene(BbF).These four factors accounted for 39.5％,15.4％,9.9％,and 7.8％of the total contribution,respec-tively,with a cumulative contribution of 72.6％.The ECR values of PAHs in PM2.5 in Fuzhou and Sanming cities were 0.84×10 6 and 7.61×10-6,respectively.Conclusion PAHs pollution in urban area of Sanming city was more severe than in Fuzhou city.The results suggested that the main sources of PAHs pollution in PM2.5 in both cities were vehicle e-missions and resuspended dust,posing a potential cancer risk to human health.
Air PollutionAmbient PM2.5Polycyclic Aromatic HydrocarbonsVehicle EmissionsCarcinogenic Risk
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