摘要
目的 研究福州、三明市城区PM2.5中多环芳烃(PAHs)成分污染及其对人群健康的致癌风险,为制定大气污染治理措施提供依据.方法 2019-2022年用滤膜法在福州、三明市城区4个采样点采集大气PM2.5,用超高液相色谱法分析大气PM2.5中PAHs成分,用主成分分析法分析PAHs来源,用基于苯并[a]芘(BaP)毒性的终生超额致癌风险模型,评估PAHs的超额致癌风险(ECR).结果 福州、三明市城区大气PM2.5中16种PAHs浓度和分别为2.75 ng/m3和14.82 ng/m3.福州、三明市城区主成分分析法均提取出4个因子.福州市城区4个因子主要载荷成分,因子1:荧蒽(FLT)、芘(PYR)、䓛(CHR);因子 2:二苯并[a,h]蒽(DahA)、苯并[g,h,i]菲(BghiP)、茚并[1,2,3-cd]芘(IcdP);因子 3:萘(NAP)、苊烯(ACY);因子4:芴(FLU)、二氢苊(ACE),贡献占比分别为57.0％、8.0％、7.9％、6.8％,累积贡献占比为79.7％;三明市城区4个因子主要载荷成分:因子1:DahA、BghiP、IcdP;因子2:FLT、PYR;因子3:NAP、ACY;因子4:苯并[a]芘(BaP)、苯并[b]荧蒽(BbF),贡献占比为39.5％、15.4％、9.9％和7.8％,累积贡献占比为72.6％;福州、三明市城区大气PM2.5中PAHs致癌风险分别为0.84×10-6和7.61×10-6.结论 三明市城区大气PAHs污染情况比福州市城区严重;提示福州、三明市城区PM2.5中PAHs污染来源以汽车尾气排放和扬尘为主,其大气PAHs污染对人群有潜在致癌风险.
Abstract
Objective To investigate the composition of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs)in ambient PM2.5 in urban areas in Fuzhou and Sanming cities and assess their carcinogenic risk they pose to human health,and to provide a basis for formulating air pollution control measures.Methods Form 2019 to 2022,ambient PM2.5 samples were collected from four sites in Fuzhou and Sanming cities by membrane filter method.The PAHs components in the samples were an-alyzed using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography.The sources of PAHs were identified using principal compo-nent analysis.The excess cancer risk(ECR)of PAHs was assessed using a lifetime excess cancer risk model based on the toxicity of benzo[a]pyrene(BaP).Results The concentrations of 16 PAHs in PM2.5 in Fuzhou and Sanming cities were 2.75 ng/m3 and 14.82 ng/m3,respectively.Four factors were extracted using principal component analysis in both cities.In Fuzhou,the main loading factors of four factors were as follow:Factor 1:fluoranthene(FLT),pyrene(PYR),chrysene(CHR);Factor 2:dibenzo[a,h]anthracene(DahA),benzo[g,h,i]perylene(BghiP),indenzo[1,2,3-CD]pyrene(IcdP);Factor 3:naphthalene(NAP),acenaphthylene(ACY);Factor 4:fluorene(FLU),dihydrogen acenaph-thene(ACE).These four factors accounted for 57.0％,8.0％,7.9％,and 6.8％of the total contribution,respectively,with a cumulative contribution of 79.7％.In Sanming,the main loading factors of four factors were as follow:Factor 1:DahA,BghiP,IcdP;Factor 2:PLT,PYR;Factor 3:NAP,ACY;Factor 4:benzo[a]pyrene(BaP),benzo[b]flu-oranthene(BbF).These four factors accounted for 39.5％,15.4％,9.9％,and 7.8％of the total contribution,respec-tively,with a cumulative contribution of 72.6％.The ECR values of PAHs in PM2.5 in Fuzhou and Sanming cities were 0.84×10 6 and 7.61×10-6,respectively.Conclusion PAHs pollution in urban area of Sanming city was more severe than in Fuzhou city.The results suggested that the main sources of PAHs pollution in PM2.5 in both cities were vehicle e-missions and resuspended dust,posing a potential cancer risk to human health.
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