Currently,there is little information about how widespread surfactants affect the adsorption of norfloxacin(NOR,a typical quinolone antibiotic)onto iron oxide minerals.Herein,we have explored the influences of sodium dodecyl sulfonate(SDS),an anionic surfactant,on the interactions between NOR and ferrihydrite.Interestingly,SDS facilitated NOR adsorption,which was ascribed to the enhanced electrostatic attraction and the bridging effect of SDS between NOR and iron oxide.Additionally,the magnitude of the promotion effects of SDS on NOR adsorption declined as the pH values were raised from 5.0 to 9.0,which was related to the amounts of surfactant binding to ferrihydrite surfaces.Moreover,when the background electrolyte was Ca2+,the enhanced effect of SDS on NOR adsorption was caused by DS-ions co-precipitation with Ca2+cations and the formation of NOR-Ca2+-SDS complexes.Together,findings from this work emphasize the important roles of the widely existing surfactants in controlling the environmental fate of quinolone antibiotics.
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