九龙江河口-厦门海域全/多氟化合物的污染特征及演变趋势

Pollution characteristics and evolution trend of per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances in Jiulong River estuary and Xiamen sea area

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中文摘要：全/多氟化合物(per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances,PFASs)作为一类重要的新污染物,因其对环境与健康的负面效应而备受关注.由于近海环境质量影响着沿海居民生活用水质量与海产品安全,亟待开展河口-近海环境PFASs的污染及其生态风险研究.本文收集相关文献,总结了九龙江河口-厦门海域环境中PFASs的污染现状、迁移转化特征及其生态风险,并分析了PFASs的演变趋势.研究发现,九龙江河口-厦门海域水体环境中PFASs的浓度和组成受河流径流量、降水量、排污量和生产结构等因素的共同影响,存在明显的季节差异,2022年浓度最高值出现在夏季,而以往年份则出现在春季.水体环境中主要检出的传统PFASs如全氟辛基羧酸(perfluorooctanoic acid,PFOA)、全氟辛基磺酸(perfluorooctane sulfonic acid,PFOS)和全氟己基磺酸(perfluorohexane sulfonic acid,PFHxS),近年来其浓度未发生数量级变化;作为高毒性化合物PFOS替代物的短链全氟烷基磺酸(perfluorosulfonic acids,PFSAs)浓度升高,说明目前短链PFASs产品开始生产使用,并排放入海.沉积物中的PFASs近年来含量未发生数量级变化,但短链PFSAs的检出率提升,PFOS的相对丰度高于水体.鱼体中的PFASs以PFOS和PFOA为主,其生态风险较低.九龙江河口玉枕洲及其上游地区以及海沧大桥以北的厦门西海域附近的造船厂、电镀厂、纺织厂、高崎机场和污水处理厂可能是PFASs潜在的污染源.

外文摘要：Per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances(PFASs),as important new pollutants,have attracted much attention due to their negative environmental and health effects.Since the coastal environmental quality affects the water quality and seafood safety of coastal residents,it is necessary to pay attention to the ecological risk of estuarine and coastal PFASs.This paper summarized the occurrence,migration,transformation,and ecological risk of PFASs in the marine environment of Xiamen and analyzed the evolution trend of PFASs.The results show that the concentration and composition of PFASs in the water environment of the Jiulong River estuary and Xiamen sea area were affected by the runoff,rainfall,sewage discharge,and production structure,and had obvious seasonal differences.The highest concentration in 2022 appeared in summer,while in previous years it appeared in spring.The concentrations of traditional PFASs,such as perfluorooctanoic acid(PFOA),perfluorooctane sulfonic acid(PFOS),and perfluorohexane sulfonic acid(PFHxS),had not changed by orders of magnitude in recent years.The increased concentration of short-chain perfluorosulfonic acids(PFSAs)as a substitute for highly toxic compounds PFOS indicated that short-chain PFASs products are now being produced used and discharged into the sea.The concentration of PFASs in sediments had not changed by orders of magnitude in recent years,but the detection rate of short-chain PFSAs had increased,and the relative abundance of PFOS was higher than that in water.PFASs in fish were mainly PFOS and PFOA,and their ecological risk was low.Shipyards,electroplating factories,textile factories,Gaoqi Airport,and sewage treatment plants near Yudzhenzhou and its upstream area at the Jiulong River Estuary and the West Sea area of Xiamen north of the Haicang Bridge may be potential sources of PFASs pollution.

外文关键词：

Jiulong River estuary and Xiamen sea areanew pollutantsper-and polyfluoroalkyl substancespollution characteristicsevolution trend

作者：

刘畅、马欣欣、李芹、王新红

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作者单位：

厦门大学环境与生态学院,福建厦门 361102

关键词：

九龙江河口-厦门海域新污染物全/多氟化合物污染特征演变趋势

基金：

国家自然科学基金项目国家自然科学基金项目国家自然科学基金项目福建省环境工程重点实验室开放课题基金项目

项目编号：

418774744196114401132071613

出版年：

2024

海洋环境科学

国家海洋局海洋环境保护研究所国家海洋环境监测中心中国海洋科学学会

海洋环境科学

CSTPCD北大核心

影响因子：0.66

ISSN：1007-6336

年,卷(期)：2024.43(4)