Comparison of raw materials and preparation methods for seashell hydroxyapatite
In the present study,we used CaO and calcined oyster,clam,scallop,and snail shells as raw materials to synthesize nanohydroxyapatite(HA)using the reverse-phase microemulsion method and polyethylene glycol(PEG)-assisted microwave heating and compared the physicochemical characteristics and morphological parameters of HA.Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray powder diffraction were used to characterize the product,scanning electron microscopy was employed to observe the surface morphology,and a Zeta potential analyzer was utilized for potential determination.The results showed that HA fabricated using the reverse-phase microemulsion method had a particle size between(104.10±1.95)and(207.90±3.75)nm and a sphere-like morphology;however,HA prepared using the PEG-assisted microwave method presented a smaller particle size that varied from(61.17±3.11)to(182.70±1.05)nm and tended to have an oval-like and rod-like shape,while showing better stability and hydrophilicity.In addition,compared with chemically synthesized HA,HA derived from seashells had a better nanostructure,and HA derived from snail shells outperformed others in terms of particle size,stability,and wet-tability.Furthermore,the Ca/P ratio of snail-shell HA was closer to that of the natural bone.Therefore,snail shells can be used as the main raw material for synthesizing HA using the PEG-assisted microwave method.
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