Assessment of dinospore motility and screening of inhibitory drugs for the parasitic dinoflagellate Hematodinium
Hematodinium spp.are parasitic dinoflagellates infecting marine crustaceans.It can trigger an epidemic and thereby seriously threaten the aquaculture of economically important crab species along the coast of China,such as Portunus trituberculatus and Scylla paramamosain.Dinospore is the crucial life stage of Hematodinium during its waterborne transmission.Accurately assessing the activity of dinospores and screening for drugs that can inhibit their activity can provide the essential basis for preventing and controlling epidemics caused by this parasitic dinoflagellate.To address this issue,we developed a method for assessing the motility of Hematodinium dinospores using computer image analysis.The effects of four common aquaculture drugs(i.e.,benzalkonium bromide,glu-taraldehyde,phoxim,and povidone-iodine)on the motility of Hematodinium dinospores were evaluated.Results revealed that,after 2 h,the EC50(median effective concentration)for benzalkonium bromide,glutaraldehyde,phoxim,and povidone-iodine on macrospores were 0.380,1.411,1.808,and 108.694 mg·L-1,respectively.In addi-tion,the EC50 for benzalkonium bromide,glutaraldehyde,and phoxim on microspores were 0.172,0.038,and 0.101 mg·L-1,respectively,after 2 h.The inhibitory effect of benzalkonium bromide on the motility of two dino-spores was notably superior to that of the other three drugs,making it a promising candidate for preventing and controlling the epidemic caused by Hematodinium in aquaculture.Recommended spraying concentrations for pre-venting and treating Hematodinium macrospores were 0.38-1.72 mg·L-1,while for microspores,they were 0.17-0.35 mg·L-1.These findings enrich the activity assessment system of Hematodinium dinospores and provide a reference for screening drugs for preventing and controlling Hematodinium epidemics in aquaculture.
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