摘要
船山思想终归于"礼",强调"以礼立人"."君子养成"是船山思想的核心主题,亦是进入其思想的捷径之一.船山的君子养成思想呈三维展开:一是"君子形象论".船山从"衣服""容貌""交接"三方面展开论述.首先,他认为衣服"饰威仪而应法象",有潜移默化之功;其次,他强调君子"耻服其服而无其容",应注重容貌修养,不论居常、临事,都要注意自己的容貌对民众的引导作用;最后,他突破宋明理学对"形上世界"的痴迷,注重在日常生活中知"礼"践"礼",成就君子人格.二是"君子养成论".船山并未依照宋明儒学惯常的做法,提出一套具体的君子养成办法与养成次第,而是从思想上回归先秦人文综合养成传统,从礼乐存有、礼乐关系、礼乐特质三方面论述了他礼乐兼尊、性情中和的君子养成观.三是"君子境界论".在船山看来,君子养成最终应崇德广业、自立立人.与宋明理学君子境界论相比较,船山的君子养成思想有三个特点:一是转虚向实,将心性修养落实于礼;二是辟邪显正,"礼"辨人禽、君子小人、华夏夷狄;三是崇德广业,以"礼"治情而自立立人.船山的君子养成思想是在礼学视域下展开的,呈现出由表及里、由内而外、由虚向实的三维立体结构.
Abstract
Chuanshan thought is ultimately based on"ritual propriety",emphasizing"rites set people up"."Junzi cultivation"is the core theme of Chuanshan's thought,and it is also one of the shortcuts to his thought.Chuanshan's thought on the cultivation of Junzi is developed in three dimensions.First,it is"the theory of the image of Junzi".Chuanshan discusses it from three aspects of"clothes","appearance"and"handover".Firstly,he believes that clothing"adorns with dignity and corresponds to the image of the law"has a subtle and imperceptible effect.Secondly,he emphasized that Junzi should be ashamed to wear their clothes without their appearance,and should pay attention to their appearance cultivation.Regardless of whether they live or work,they should pay attention to the guid-ing role of their appearance on the people.Finally,he broke through the obsession of Neo-Confucianism of the Song and Ming Dynas-ties with the"metaphysical world"and focused on learning and practicing"ritual propriety"in daily life,achieving a noble character.The second is"Junzi cultivation theory".Chuanshan did not put forward a set of specific Junzi cultivation methods and cultivation pro-cedures according to the usual practice of Song and Ming Confucians,but from the ideological return to the pre-Qin humanistic compre-hensive cultivation tradition,from the existence of rites and music,rites and music relations,rites and music characteristics of his three aspects of respect,the pursuit of neutral Junzi cultivation.The third is"Junzi's realm theory".In Chuanshan's view,the ultimate goal of cultivating a Junzi is to uphold virtue,promote broad career,and establish oneself of self-reliance.Compared with the theory of the Junzi's realm in Neo-Confucianism of Song and Ming Dynasty,Chuanshan's discussion has three characteristics.First,it turns the vir-tual to the real,putting the cultivation of the mind into practice.The second is to ward off evil and demonstrate righteousness,distin-guishing between humans and birds,Junzi and villains,and Chinese barbarians through"ritual propriety".The third is to uphold virtue and promote broad career,and establish oneself of self-reliance by governing emotions with"ritual propriety".Chuanshan's thought of cultivating Junzi is developed under the vision of his ritual learning,presenting a three-dimensional structure from the surface to the in-side,from the inside to the outside,and from the virtual to the real.
维普
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