Effects of CO2-driven seawater acidification on tissue,immune and antioxidant enzyme activity and transcription levels of Ruditapes philippinarum
The ocean acidification effect is increasing with the large amount of CO2 emissions.To investigate the effects of future seawater acidification on Ruditapes philippinarum,a control group(pH = 8.1)and acidification group(pH = 7.7,7.1 and 6.4)were set up for 42 days.The changes in tissue structure,immune and antioxidant en-zyme activities of Ruditapes philippinarum under acidification conditions were measured,as well as the effects pro-duced at the molecular level.The results show that when Ruditapes philippinarum are placed in an acidified seawa-ter environment,gill filament spacing expands with decreasing pH,gill filament cilia adhere,and the pipes and out-er epidermal folds of the mantle gradually deepen.The activities of acid phosphatase(ACP)and superoxide dis-mutase(SOD)in gill tissues show a pattern of decreasing followed by increasing.Alkaline phosphatase(AKP)activities exhibit different trends in each group.Total antioxidant capacity(T-AOC),catalase(CAT),and lysozyme(LZM)activities show a pattern of increasing followed by decreasing.Glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px)activities in gill and visceral masses show a continuous increase.LZM activity in the viscera group displays varying trends,while ACP activity shows a decreasing and then increasing pattern.AKP,SOD,and CAT activities exhibited an in-creasing and then decreasing pattern,while T-AOC activity shows a continuous decrease.Analysis of the transcrip-tome reveals that the GO functions in gill tissue are mainly enriched in DNA integration,integral components of the membrane,and RNA-directed DNA polymerase activity,among others.The KEGG pathway analysis shows enrich-ment in the phagosome pathway and pathways related to protein processing in the endoplasmic reticulum.The acidi-fication of seawater caused varying degrees of damage to the tissues of Ruditapes philippinarum,disrupting its in-ternal environmental homeostasis and altering metabolic levels and immune-related gene expression,and led to an increased risk of disease and even death in Ruditapes philippinarum.
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