Numerical simulation on the impact of mangroves on wave pressure on vertical sea dikes
Based on the non-hydrostatic model SWASH,a numerical wave flume was established to systematically investigate the hydrodynamic characteristics of the interaction between waves,mangroves,and vertical sea dikes through a comparative experiment with and without mangroves.The study analyzed the influence of factors such as wave steepness,relative water depth,Ursell number,mangrove length,density,and characteristic diameter on the wave height in front of the sea dike and the maximum wave pressure on the windward side of the sea dike.The res-ults indicate that in the absence of mangroves,the Goda formula cannot accurately estimate the impact load on the vertical sea dike.In a numerical experiment with a model scale of 1∶10,a 2 m-wide mangrove in front of the dike was observed to reduce wave height by 6%to 45%and wave pressure by 11%to 74%.However,in conditions with relatively large wave heights and smaller characteristic parameters of the mangrove,an increase in the wave height in front of the dike by approximately 4%to 26%was noted.In the hydraulic conditions considered in this study,the maximum wave pressure decreased by 58%to 93%with a decrease in wave steepness,by 42%to 72%with an in-crease in relative water depth,and by 87%to 96%with a decrease in the Ursell number.The attenuation rates of wave height and wave pressure in front of the dike non-linearly increased with the increase in the width,density,and characteristic diameter of the mangroves.These findings provide a scientific basis for a deeper understanding of the wave-damping effects of mangroves,as well as for the design and planning of coastal protection projects combining mangrove ecosystems with sea dikes.
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