Study on biodiversity distribution patterns based on the AquaMaps data-base:A case study of the equatorial waters,and offshores of Ecuador and Peru in the southeast Pacific Ocean
Biodiversity serves as a crucial biological foundation for ecosystem stability.This study aimed to invest-igate the biodiversity of the southeast Pacific and its response to marine environmental conditions through analyz-ing Zeta diversity in equatorial waters,and offshores of Ecuador and Peru based on species data from the AquaMaps database.This study also examined the biodiversity indices,including Margalef index,Shannon-Wiener index and Pielou index,and evaluated the relationships between these biodiversity indices and marine environment factors by using mixed-effects models.The results revealed that there were a total of 118 species commonly recor-ded across the three study areas,with fish being the predominant species group.Analysis of Zeta diversity revealed that the average compositional similarity was 24.00 species in the Equatorial waters,18.00 species off the coast of Ecuador and 12.00 species offshore of Peru.The Zeta ratio notably increased from Zeta order 2 to Zeta order 5 across the study areas,stabilizing thereafter.The biodiversity indices were calculated as follows:in the equatorial waters the Margalef index was 13.34±3.56,the Shannon-Wiener index was 3.80±0.25,and the Pielou index was 0.61±0.01.In the offshore of Ecuador,the indices were 37.58±36.49 for the Margalef index,4.67±0.92 for the Shannon-Wiener index,and 0.63±0.02 for the Pielou index.In the offshore of Peru,the indices were 22.83±18.95 for the Margalef index,4.22±0.76 for the Shannon-Wiener index,and 0.62±0.02 for the Pielou index.Significant differences were observed in sea surface temperature,salinity,chlorophyll a concentration,and mixed layer depth between the equatorial waters,and offshores of Ecuador and Peru.The biodiversity indices showed significant neg-ative correlations with sea surface temperature and salinity,but the effects from chlorophyll a concentration and mixed layer depth were not determined.The study suggests that the species composition in the equatorial water,and offshores of Ecuador and Peru in the southeast Pacific is predominated by fish,and biodiversity varied spatially,with the highest biodiversity indices recorded in the offshore of Ecuador.
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