MODULATION OF PERFLUOROOCTANOIC ACID(PFOA)IMMUNOTOXICITY IN PHILIPPINE CLAMS BY PROBIOTICS
Perfluorooctanic acid(PFOA)is a new pollutant with multi-systemic toxicity,which can produce certain immunotoxic effects on bivalves and impair the immune function of the body.As a safe and non-toxic food-grade agent,probiotics have been used in the aquaculture industry to enhance the immune defenses for aquatic organisms.However,it is not clear whether probiotics can reduce the biotoxicity induced by contaminants in shellfish.Previous research indicates that PFOA has a high accumulation rate in aquatic organisms,particularly in shellfish,and may cause potential ecological and health risks.Therefore,it is important to explore the role of probiotics in economic shellfish to abate the immunotoxicity of PFOA.To ascertain the effects of exposure to PFOA(200 ng/mL)on Ruditapes philippinarum,experiments were conducted with or without the addition of probiotics.Results show that compared with the PFOA alone exposure group,the probiotic treatment group significantly reduced the accumulation content of PFOA in R.philippinarum haemocytes,substantially increased the total number of clam haemocytes,cell viability,and phagocytosis.At the same time,addition of probiotics markedly reduced the intracellular levels of non-specific esterases,and reduced the oxidative stress response of haemocytes.In addition,antioxidant enzymes and immunity-related enzyme activities in R.philippinarum haemocytes were also increased to a certain extent after supplementation with probiotics.It is evident that probiotics has a positive regulatory effect on the immunotoxicity induced by PFOA exposure in shellfish.
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