Scale Development of the Swine Industry and Carbon Emissions:Facilitator or Inhibitor?
Employing the life cycle methodology to compute provincial carbon emissions from swine spanning from 2007 to 2020,we methodically investigated the ramifications and mechanisms of scale de-velopment in the swine industry on carbon emissions.Our inquiry revealed that carbon emissions from swine manifest significant spillover effects and aggregation effects,signifying a close correlation between carbon emissions from swine within a given area and those in the neighboring regions.Additionally,the scale development of the swine industry demonstrates a pronounced"inverted U-shaped"association with carbon emissions from swine,denoting a substantial threshold impact of scale development on car-bon emissions from swine.When the scale rate of the swine industry remains at 45.1%or above,scale development can effectively facilitate the reduction of carbon emissions within the industry.Moreover,there is a significant monotonically increasing relationship between the proportion of small-scale swine farming and carbon emissions from swine,whereas the proportion of medium and large-scale swine farm-ing exhibit a notable inverted U-shaped relationship with carbon emissions from swine.Finally,aggrega-tion effects and technological advancements serve as the primary conduits through which the scale devel-opment of the swine industry influences carbon emissions from swine.It is advisable to meticulously de-sign the spatial arrangement of the swine industry,develop moderate-scale farming,capitalize on techno-logical advancements to instigate change,and judiciously attain the mutually beneficial objective of miti-gating carbon emissions while fostering scale development in the swine industry.
carbon emissions from swinescale development of pig industryspatial seemingly un-related regression(SUR)modelsthreshold effect