The U.S.scientists played a very important role in the origin,evolvement and end of the Cold War.They are divided into two camps of proponents and opponents of the US Cold War policy.One camp of scientists opposed the arms race,advocated the implementation of international control of nuclear weapons,a comprehensive ban on nuclear testing,and sought détente in East-West relations through international cooperation.The other camp advocated ensuring U.S.national security by technological advances,supporting the vigorous development of nuclear forces,seeking absolute superiority over the Soviet Union as a means of deterrence against the Soviet Union,and using nuclear weapons when necessary to realize the U.S.political and military intentions.Both camps exerted influence on the United States policy-making through various channels,and the rivalry between them lasted throughout the Cold War era.
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