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金代"岳镇海渎"封祀考论

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"岳镇海渎"作为一组演化自中国古代山水崇拜的文化地理概念,是国家疆域和王朝正统的象征.由女真族建立的金王朝在占据中原地区后,为塑造中国大一统王朝形象,比肩唐宋礼乐制定了本朝岳镇海渎封祀制度.金代结合本朝实际,确立了在"四立、土王日"以岳镇海渎所在地长贰官为主的常祀制度,并"遥祀"南岳、南镇于中岳嵩山庙,"遥祀"南海、南渎于东海广德王庙.清代考据大家钱大昕对明昌间加封五镇四渎王爵提出的质疑,实为对《大金集礼》相关记载的误解.在岳镇海渎封祀问题上,金代经历了从"并仍唐、宋之旧"到"皆仍宋旧制"的转变,反映出世宗、章宗之际金代文化的转向与正统性的诉求.金宋双方通过"遥祀"的方式共祀岳镇海渎,使其成为南北共享的文化地理符号,客观上促进了中华民族文化共同体的形成.
On the Enfeoffment and Sacrifice of"Yue Zhen Hai Du"in the Jin Dynasty
As a set of cultural and geographical concepts evolved from ancient Chinese landscape worship,"Yue Zhen Hai Du"is a symbol of national territory and the legitimacy of the dynasty.After occupying the Central Plains,the Jin Dynasty,founded by the Jurchens,established"Yue Zhen Hai Du"as the sacrificial system to create the image of a unified Chinese dynasty,comparable to the rituals and music of the Tang and Song dynasties.In light of the actual situation,the Jin Dynasty established a regular worship system with the chief officials on the"Four Establishment Days and Local King Days",to"remotely worship"the South Mount and South Town at the Temple of Mount Song,and South Sea and South River at the Temple of Donghai Guangdewang.The question raised by Qian Daxin,a Qing Dynasty textual researcher,about the conferring of the title of princes on the five towns and four rivers during the Mingchang period was actually a misunderstanding of the relevant records in the"Dajin Jili".On the issue of enfeoffment and sacrificial rites in Yue Zhen Hai Du,the Jin Dynasty experienced a transition from"keeping the old system of the Tang and Song Dynasties"to"keeping the old system of the Song Dynasty",reflecting the cultural shift and orthodoxy of the Jin Dynasty during the reigns of Emperor Shizong and Emperor Zhangzong.The Jin and Song dynasties jointly worshiped Yue Zhen Hai Du through"remote worship",making it a shared cultural and geographical symbol between the north and the south,which objectively promoted the formation of a cultural community of the Chinese nation.

the Jin DynastyYue Zhen Hai Duenfeoffment and sacrificelegitimacyQian Daxin

孔维京

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辽宁师范大学历史文化学院,辽宁大连 116033

金代 岳镇海渎 封祀 正统 钱大昕

2024

华中师范大学学报(人文社会科学版)
华中师范大学

华中师范大学学报(人文社会科学版)

CSTPCDCSSCICHSSCD北大核心
影响因子:2.475
ISSN:1000-2456
年,卷(期):2024.63(6)