同位素取代制备硝酸铵及其性能表征
Preparation of Ammonium Nitrate by Isotope Substitution and Its Performance Characterization
鄂秀天凤 1王伟 2雷雯 2徐志斌 1刘瑞斌 3解龙 2肖川 4商照聪 2孟子晖1
作者信息
- 1. 北京理工大学化学与化工学院,北京 100081
- 2. 上海化工研究院有限公司,上海 200062
- 3. 北京理工大学物理学院,北京 100081
- 4. 中国兵器科学研究院,北京 100089
- 折叠
摘要
采用同位素取代技术,将硝酸铵(NH4NO3)中的14N取代为15N,制备了两种15N代硝酸铵,即15NH4NO3和NH415NO3,并采用扫描电镜、红外和X射线衍射对15N代硝酸铵的表观形貌和化学结构进行了表征;采用真密度分析仪、差示扫描量热仪、干燥器平衡法及微小药量激光点火法测试了其密度、分解温度、吸湿性、感度、爆速、爆热等.结果表明,与普通硝酸铵相比,15N代硝酸铵的化学结构基本不变;NH415NO3和15NH4NO3的密度由1.72g/cm3提升至1.75g/cm3和1.76g/cm3,吸湿率降至97.1％和95.2％,感度和热稳定性基本不变;采用微小药量激光点火装置测试发现NH415NO3和15NH4NO3的爆速分别提升至6610m/s和6680m/s,爆热提升至3 730kJ/kg和3840kJ/kg.证明稳定同位素取代技术可进一步提升现有高能材料的性能.
Abstract
Two types of 15N substituted ammonium nitrate,namely 15NH4NO3 and NH415NO3,were prepared by using isotope substitution technique to replace 14N in ammonium nitrate(NH4NO3)with 15N.The apparent morphology and chemical struc-ture of N substituted ammonium nitrate were investigated using scanning electron microscopy,infrared spectroscopy,and X-ray diffraction.Its density,decomposition temperature,hygroscopicity,sensitivity,detonation velocity,and heat of explosion were tested by true density analyzer,differential scanning calorimeter,desiccator equilibrium method,and micro-charge laser ignition technique.The results show that,compared with common ammonium nitrate,the chemical structure of 15N substituted ammonium nitrate is almost unchanged.The density of NH415NO3 and 15NH4NO3 increases from 1.72 g/cm3 to 1.75 g/cm3 and 1.76 g/cm3,the hygroscopic speed decreases to 97.1％and 95.2％,respectively.And the sensitivity and thermal stability are al-most the same.The detonation performance tested by a self-built micro-charge laser ignition device show that the detonation velocity of NH415NO3 and 15NH4NO3 increases to 6610m/s and 6680m/s,and the heat of explosion increases to 3 730kJ/kg and 3840kJ/kg,respectively,proving that stable isotope substitution technology can be an alternative to further enhance the performance of existing high-energy materials.
关键词
高能物质/稳定同位素/同位素取代/15N元素/硝酸铵/激光点火Key words
energetic materials/stable isotope/isotope substitution/15N element/ammonium nitrate/laser ignition引用本文复制引用
出版年
2024
国家科技期刊平台
NSTL
万方数据