摘要
以三乙烯二胺、高氯酸铵、高氯酸为原料合成了高氯酸-三乙烯二胺合铵(DAP-4);采用元素分析、扫描电镜、X射线衍射对该化合物的结构进行了表征,采用DSC、TG等对其物理性能、热性能、感度性能、安定性、爆热、比容、起爆性能、相容性等进行了测试和评估.结果表明,DAP-4密度为1.839g/cm3,晶体密度为1.923g/cm3;吸湿性和耐热性均较好;真空安定性合格;撞击感度为21.5cm,摩擦感度为56％,火焰感度为7.8cm,热丝感度为527.0mA,静电不发火,安全性较好;爆热为6194J/g;250mg的DAP-4能够起爆RDX;DAP-4与TNT、PYX、KClO4、XM-19镍基合金均相容,与RDX、HNS、T10钢、0Cr18Ni9不锈钢、B19M白铜、5A02铝材、2A12-T4铝材、黄铜、铁镍钴玻封合金均不相容.
Abstract
Perchloric acid-triethylenediamine ammonium(DAP-4)was synthesized using triethylenediamine,ammonium per-chlorate and perchloric acid as raw materials and its structure was characterized by elemental analysis,scanning electron mi-croscopy and X-ray diffraction.The physical properties,thermal properties,sensitivity performance,stability,heat of explo-sion,specific volume,detonation performance and compatibility were tested and evaluated using DSC,TG,etc.The results showed that the density of DAP-4 was 1.839 g/cm3,and the crystal density was 1.923 g/cm3.DAP-4 had good hygroscopici-ty and heat resistance as well as qualified vacuum stability.Its impact sensitivity,friction sensitivity,flame sensitivity and hot wire sensitivity were 21.5 cm,56％,7.8cm and 527.0mA,respectively,and it did not ignite due to static electricity,indi-cating good safety.The heat of explosion was 6 194J/g,and 250mg DAP-4 could initiate RDX.DAP-4 was compatible with TNT,PYX,KClO4 and XM-19 nickel-based alloys,and was incompatible with RDX,HNS,T10 steel,0Cr18Ni9 stainless steel,B19M white copper,5A02 aluminum,2A12-T4 aluminum,brass,and iron nickel cobalt glass sealing alloys.
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