摘要
小儿厌食症是中医儿科常见脾胃病之一,临床以 1 个月以上见食不贪、食欲不振、厌恶进食为典型表现.所有年龄段儿童都可能患有该病,特别是 1～6 岁的儿童.该病可影响多达 45%的儿童,并且有逐年增加趋势.长时间厌食或病情严重会导致营养不良、机体免疫功能降低等.中药治疗小儿厌食症有整体辨治、顾护脾胃等优势,临床疗效显著.本文通过查阅医书典籍,检索中国知网、PubMed数据库 2018-2023 年 5 年间的相关文献,总结归纳历代医家对该病的认识和论治现状,为指导临床医生采用中医内治法治疗小儿厌食症提供依据.近年来许多医者从不同角度论治小儿厌食,包括湿邪、食积、气虚、阴虚、情志、体质等,中医内治法治疗小儿厌食症有明显的特色和优势,逐渐成为临床研究重点.
Abstract
Anorexia in children is one of the common diseases of the spleen and stomach in pediatrics of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM).The typical clinical manifestations are anorexia,loss of appetite,and aversion to eating for more than one month.Children of all ages can suffer from the disease,but especially those aged 1-6 years.The disease can affect up to 45%of children,and its incidence is increasing year by year.Prolonged anorexia or severe illness can lead to malnutrition,decreased immune function,and so on.TCM in the treatment of anorexia in children has the advantages of overall differentiation and treatment.It takes care of the spleen and stomach and has significant clinical effects.By reviewing the medical books and classics and searching the relevant literature in China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI)and Pubmed database from 2018 to 2023,the understanding and current treatment of anorexia in children by past generations of doctors were summarized,so as to provide a basis for guiding clinicians to use TCM internal treatment for anorexia in children.In recent years,many doctors have treated anorexia in children from different angles,including dampness,dyspepsia,Qi deficiency,Yin deficiency,emotion,constitution,and so on.The TCM internal treatment of anorexia in children has obvious characteristics and advantages and has gradually become the focus of clinical research.
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