Brightness temperature simulation of subarctic lake-ice evolution by HIGHTSI and SMRT model

ZHANG Yixiao ¹QIU Yubao ¹PENG Chongtai ²Bin CHENG ³SHI Lijuan ⁴Matti LEPPÄRANTA⁵

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作者信息

1. Key Laboratory of Digital Earth Science,Aerospace Information Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100094,China;International Research Center of Big Data for Sustainable Development Goals,Beijing 100094,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China
2. School of Information and Communication,Guilin University of Electronic Technology,Guilin 541004,China
3. Finnish Meteorological Institute,Helsinki 00101,Finland
4. Key Laboratory of Digital Earth Science,Aerospace Information Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100094,China;National Key Laboratory of Microwave Imaging Technology,Aerospace Information Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100094,China;Department of Space Microwave Remote Sensing System,Aerospace Information Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100094,China
5. Key Laboratory of Digital Earth Science,Aerospace Information Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100094,China;University of Helsinki,Helsinki 00014,Finland
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Abstract

Microwave brightness temperature(TB)can be used to retrieve lake ice thickness in the Arctic and subarctic regions.However,the accuracy of the retrieval is affected by the physical properties of lake ice.To improve the understanding of how lake ice affects TB,numerical modeling was applied.This study combined a physical thermodynamic ice model HIGHTSI with a microwave radiation transfer model SMRT to simulate the TB and lake ice evolution in 2002-2011 in Hulun Lake,China.The reanalyzed meteorological data were used as atmospheric forcing.The ice season was divided into the growth period,the slow growth period,and the ablation period.The simulations revealed that TB was highly sensitive to ice thickness during the ice season,especially vertical polarization measurement at 18.7 GHz.The quadratic polynomial fit for ice thickness to TB outperformed the linear fit,regardless of whether lake ice contained bubbles or not.A comparison of the simulated TB with space-borne TB showed that the simulated TB had the best accuracy during the slow growth period,with a minimum RMSE of 4.6 K.The results were influenced by the bubble radius and salinity.These findings enhance comprehension of the interaction between lake ice properties(including ice thickness,bubbles,and salinity)and TB during ice seasons,offering insights to sea ice in the Arctic and subarctic freshwater observations.

Key words

lake ice evolution/HIGHTSI/SMRT/ice thickness/passive microwave brightness temperature

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出版年

2024

极地科学进展(英文版)

中国极地研究中心,国家海洋局极地考察办公室 (Polar Research Institute of China, Chinese Arctic and Antarctic Administration)

极地科学进展(英文版)

影响因子：0.145

ISSN：1674-9928

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