Exploring the Initial Renditions of Li Qingzhao's Ci-poems and Its Succession of Creative Translations in America:From Gautier to Whitall and Rexroth
Until now,it has been widely accepted that the initial renditions of Li Qingzhao's ci-poems in the West can be dated back to Le Livre de Jade(Baiyu Shishu)by Judith Gautier in 1867.After the textual investigation into detailed historical data,it can be discovered that its origin is neither the first edition of Le Livre de Jade(Baiyu Shishu)in 1867,nor the revised and renamed version(Yu Shu)in 1902,but exactly Gautier's article in 1901,entitled Quelques Grands Poetes Chinois et la Poitesse Ly-y-Hane.Globally outstanding for her creative translations,Gautier's renditions of Li's ci-poems are transmitted into America afterwards,firstly retranslated by James Whitall,then succeeded and promoted by Kenneth Rexroth,which influence far and wide in American Parnassus.The succession and establishment of creative translations of Li Qingzhao's ci-poems in the Western world can be undoubtedly credited to Gautier,Whit all,and Rexroth.
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