首页|基于自然的解决方案的高密度城市水鸟栖息地精细化生态修复模式探索——以中国深圳市福田红树林国家重要湿地为例

基于自然的解决方案的高密度城市水鸟栖息地精细化生态修复模式探索——以中国深圳市福田红树林国家重要湿地为例

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深圳湾是东亚-澳大利西亚国际候鸟迁徙的中转站和越冬地,也是社会经济发展活跃的高度城市化海湾.位于深圳湾东北部的福田红树林国家重要湿地是广东内伶仃福田国家级自然保护区的重要组成部分.作为中国面积最小且地处城市腹地的国家级自然保护区,其周边高强度城市环境对候鸟越冬栖息的影响显著,亟需针对水鸟保护的高质量、精细化生态修复.本项目以基于自然的解决方案为指导理念,建立了一套高密度城区滨海湿地水鸟栖息地精细化生态修复模式:通过研究鸟类行为和生境需求,提出了水面扩增、水位控制、水动力改善、光滩改造、植物适应性管理、避干扰控制六项策略,并建立了高、中、低适应途径以形成有效的策略包指导修复工程实施.修复工程实施后,黑脸琵鹭等目标鸟类的数量显著增加.2022年保护区内观测到的水鸟种类比上年增加33％,与2016年相比增加50.9％,海岸带生态系统服务功能明显增强.在中国城市更新进入存量发展的趋势下,这一修复模式可为滨海湿地鸟类保护生态修复提供借鉴,并为高质量建设深圳"国际红树林中心"提供重要支撑.
Exploring Nature-based Solutions on Refined Waterbird Habitats Restoration in High-density Urban Area:A Case Study of the Futian Mangrove National Important Wetland in Shenzhen,China
As a highly urbanized bay area bustling with socio-economic activities,Shenzhen Bay is a pivotal stopover and wintering habitat for migratory birds along the East Asian-Australasian Flyway.The Futian Mangrove National Important Wetland,located in the northeast of Shenzhen bay,is a part of the Guangdong Neilingding-Futian National Nature Reserve.As the smallest national nature reserve in China,the wintering habitat of migratory birds has been significantly impacted by the compacted surrounding built-up environment.It has become an urgent need for refined high-quality ecological restoration for the habitats.This project leveraged Nature-based Solutions to develop a refined model for the ecological restoration of coastal wetland waterbird habitats in compact urban areas.By analyzing waterbird behaviors and habitat requirements,this model outlined six strategies:water surface expansion,water level control,hydrodynamic conditions improvement,shoal transformation,adaptive vegetation management,and disturbance control.To effectively guide the restoration implementation,high-,medium-,and low-adaptive approaches were proposed accordingly.After restoration in 2022,notable increases in target species,such as Platalea minor,were observed.The variety of waterbirds of the reserve in 2022 increased by 33％compared with 2021,while increased by 50.9％compared with 2016,significantly enhancing ecosystem services of the coastal area.As urban renewal in China is shifting towards spatial redevelopment,this model offers valuable insights for ecological restoration aiming at coastal wetland waterbird conservation across the country,and substantially supports establishing the"International Mangrove Center"in Shenzhen.

Nature-based SolutionsCoastal WetlandEcological RestorationWaterbird HabitatBiodiversity

栾博、刘玥、车迪、周文君、胡柳柳、林苑、高雨婷、王胤瑜

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北京大学深圳研究院,深圳 518057

北京一方天地环境景观规划设计咨询有限公司,北京 100080

深圳市未名设计顾问有限公司,深圳 518057

广东内伶仃福田国家级自然保护区管理局,深圳 518040

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基于自然的解决方案 滨海湿地 生态修复 精细化生态修复模式 水鸟栖息地 生物多样性

国家自然科学基金项目广东省基础与应用基础研究基金项目深圳市科技计划项目深圳市科技计划项目库

520780042021A1515012246KCXST20221021111416039KCXFZ20211020164205009

2024

10.15302/J-LAF-0-020018

景观设计学(中英文)

景观设计学(中英文)

ISSN：2096-336X
年,卷(期)：2024.12(3)
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