自2001年被发明以来，超导纳米线单光子探测器(SNSPD)迅速成长为近红外波段的明星光子探测器，其在近红外波段如1550 nm处系统探测效率超过95%，暗计数率低于1 cps(counts per second)，时间抖动优于10 ps，探测速率高于1 GHz，并广泛应用在量子信息领域。近年来，研究人员开始将SNSPD引入到生物领域，以替代在近红外波段具有低信噪比、多后脉冲的半导体单光子探测器。本文将介绍SNSPD的探测原理和性能指标，并系统地阐述SNSPD在生物领域中的应用现状和发展前景。
Superconducting Single-Photon Detector and Its Applications in Biology(Invited)
Since its invention in 2001,superconducting nanowire single-photon detector(SNSPD)has rapidly grown into a star photon detector in the near-infrared band.Up to date,its system detection efficiency has exceeded 95%at the wavelength of 1550 nm,dark count rate less than 1 cps(counts per second),timing jitter better than 10 ps,detection rate higher than 1 GHz,and it is widely used in the field of quantum information.Recently,limited by the low signal-to-noise ratio and afterpulsing of semiconductor single-photon detectors in the near-infrared band,researchers began to introduce SNSPDs into biology.This article introduces the detection principle and performance of SNSPD,and review the application status and development prospects of SNSPD in the field of biology.
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