Research Progress and Perspective of Clinically Promising Flexible CO2 Laser Delivery Mediums(Invited)
Mid-infrared(MIR)lasers offer substantial benefits,including non-contact operation,high efficiency,and precision,making them widely utilized in clinical surgical procedures such as lesion tissue removal,tissue plasticity,and tumor interstitial photothermal therapy.Notably,carbon dioxide(CO2)lasers,among various MIR lasers,are extensively employed in skin,ear,nose,throat,and abdominal surgeries due to their exceptionally high ablation efficiency and precision.However,the lack of stable and high-performance small-scale,flexible laser energy-delivering mediums for CO2 lasers restricts their use in minimally invasive or noninvasive procedures,a capability present in mature silica fibers used in holmium,neodymium,and other near-infrared lasers for conducting minimally invasive interventional operations in natural cavities in vivo.Presently,CO2 laser procedures typically rely on energy-delivering mediums such as articulated arms and hollow waveguides but this considerably hampers the application of CO2 laser in minimally invasive surgeries.To enhance the role of CO2 lasers in clinical medicine,we review and summarize existing medical CO2 laser energy-delivering mediums,focusing on the advances in thermal-drawn multi-material fiber technology in CO2 laser surgery,and explore future development trends and applications of multifunctional flexible CO2 laser ablation robotic fibers.
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