摘要
扩散光学成像技术在生物医学领域有着广泛的应用.相较于磁共振成像(MRI)、计算机X射线断层扫描(CT)、正电子发射断层扫描(PET)和超声成像等成像方式,扩散光学成像利用经组织吸收和散射的扩散光进行成像,可无创、无标记、宽场、定量测量氧合血红蛋白、脱氧血红蛋白、血氧、水分、脂质、黑色素等成分浓度和组织功能信息,在安全性、特异性和系统成本等方面有明显优势.本文介绍了扩散光学成像的基本原理,包括光与组织的相互作用和光传播模型,并总结扩散光学成像的相关方法和应用,包括脉搏血氧术、漫射光谱、扩散光学层析成像、荧光分子层析成像和空间频域成像,并对它们的未来发展进行了展望.
Abstract
Diffuse optical imaging is widely used in biomedical research and clinics.Compared with other medical imaging methods,such as magnetic resonance imaging(MRI),X-ray computed tomography(CT),positron emission tomography(PET),and ultrasound imaging,diffuse optical imaging uses diffused light absorbed and scattered by tissues for imaging.This approach is non-invasive and label-free,has a wide field,and quantitatively measures the concentrations of various components such as oxyhemoglobin,deoxyhemoglobin,blood oxygen,water,lipids,and melanin.Furthermore,it collects and assesses tissue functional information.Diffuse optical imaging is advantageous in terms of safety,specificity,and system cost.This article introduces the basic principles of diffuse optical imaging,including the interaction between light and tissue and light propagation models,and summarizes the relevant methods and applications of diffuse optical imaging,including pulse oximetry,diffuse optical spectroscopy,diffuse optical tomography,fluorescence molecular tomography,and spatial frequency domain imaging.Moreover,the prospects for the future development of diffuse optical imaging are presented.
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