Fabrication of pH-Responsive BSA-GMA 3D Hydrogel Structures via Femtosecond Laser Direct Writing
pH-responsive hydrogels have garnered considerable attention in actuator manipulation,drug delivery,and tissue engineering because of their capacity to undergo structural or volumetric changes in response to acid/base alterations.The fabrication of microstructures of stimuli-responsive biomaterials is crucial in the development of biomedicine and tissue engineering.Bovine serum albumin(BSA)is commonly used in tissue engineering and drug delivery because of its non-toxic,biodegradable,and biocompatible properties.This study presents the macroscopic pH response of BSA-glycidyl methacrylate(BSA-GMA)hydrogels,the microscopic pH response of three-dimensional(3D)hydrogel microstructures polymerized by femtosecond laser direct writing,and cell viability studies.Femtosecond laser direct writing enables the creation of high-precision 3D structures of BSA-GMA hydrogels.The results indicate that the pH responsiveness of the BSA-GMA hydrogels increased with either increasing concentration or decreasing methacrylation degree of BSA-GMA.Unlike the BSA hydrogel,the photopolymerization of the BSA-GMA hydrogel by femtosecond laser direct writing does not deplete amino acid groups.Consequently,the 3D BSA-GMA hydrogel demonstrates a stronger pH response because it contains more amino and carboxyl groups.Furthermore,confocal fluorescence imaging and analysis of relative cell growth rates of chondrocytes on the BSA-GMA scaffolds indicate that the BSA-GMA hydrogel has good biocompatibility.These protein microstructures with controlled morphology and pH-responsive properties have potential applications in tissue engineering,biomedicine,and biosensors.
bovine serum albuminfemtosecond laser direct writingthree-dimensional microstructurepH responsebiocompatibility
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