Effect of Spot Spacing on Keyhole Behavior in Dual-Beam Laser Welding of 304 Stainless Steel
Keyhole instability is an important factor influencing defect formation in deep-penetration laser welding.This study investigates the use of 304 stainless steel as the welding material and examines the influence of spot spacing on keyhole behavior during dual-beam laser welding with a 50:50 energy ratio.A high-speed camera was used for this intensive investigation.This study explores how a dual-beam laser source enhances keyhole stability by analyzing keyhole morphology and porosity.Results indicate that as the spot spacing increases from 0 to 1.800 mm,a single keyhole splits into two,with keyhole stability initially increasing and then decreasing.The most stable keyhole is achieved at a spot spacing of 0.450 mm,as indicated by a standard deviation in keyhole depth variation of 0.03.This improvement is mainly due to a noticeable reduction in the nonuniform evaporation of the metal liquid and an increase in the distance between the keyhole front and back walls.
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